Content and language Essay

In this piece of coursework I will be comparing the front cover of a broadsheet and a tabloid newspaper on the day that labour won the 2001 Election. To do this I will be concentrating on three main attributes, which are design and layout, content and language. First of all I will look at how effective the design and layout of the front cover is. On my chosen tabloid, The Sun, there is of course the bright red Sun logo but even more striking is the headline, â€Å"Blair’s Back. † This headline is over double the size of The Sun logo. There is then on the left-hand side of the page a big picture of Tony Blair. Below the big heading is a sub heading which reads, â€Å"Labour romps in with epic second landslide. † Below the sub heading is a small section of text that carries on inside the paper. Overall the design and layout of this front cover is quite effective because the bold headline stands out and really hits you in the face which makes you want to buy the paper to see what the headline means. The sub heading then gives you more information, which shows that the paper is quite informative. The photograph on the front cover ads a bit of colour and life to the paper to show the reader that it isn’t a dull paper. There is also a lure at the bottom of the page that says, â€Å"See pages 2, 3, 4, 5 and 4-page pullout. † This shows the potential buyer that there is a lot more information inside the paper about the election that encourages them to buy the paper. Basically, the front cover of The Sun concentrates entirely on the election. On the other hand in my chosen broadsheet, The Times, it is a very different story. The front page of The Times doesn’t just concentrate on the election but on many other topics including things like sport. Like The Sun it has a date and price at the top of the page. The main headline reads, â€Å"Election reward for Prescott. † This is referring to the new job John Prescott will get now that Labour has been re-elected. Below that in the centre of the page is a picture of Tony Blair enjoying a day out with his family. Below that is another smaller story about the election. The headline says, â€Å"Blair forecasts further growth. † There is another smaller picture of the Blair family to the left of the headline. Below that is a completely unrelated article about Lord Archer. To the right of this story is an advertisement for Tiffany & Co. diamonds. Overall the design and layout of The Times is very effective. The main headline is bold and simple which stands out. The photographs add life and colour to the paper. The amount of text shows the buyer it is a very informative paper that will appeal to a lot of people. The second story and the advertisement shows the buyer that the paper is interested in the election but the final story shows the buyer that it is also interested in the rest of the world. There is also a lure at the bottom of The Times. It reads, â€Å"The Times Today: page 2. Crossword: p 32. Media: Times 2, p 21-25. TV & radio: Times 2, p 27-32. † This also encourages the buyer to buy because there are other things inside apart from news. The photographs on both papers are also important. In the Sun it shows a smiling Tony Blair in a shirt and tie. I think that the picture is trying to say that Tony Blair is happy to be back in office and he is going to try his hardest to make a difference. In The Times there are two photographs which show a very similar thing. Both of the photographs show Tony Blair acting very relaxed with his family. The bigger photograph was taken this year just before the election but the smaller one was taken in 1997 before the election. I think the photos are trying to say that Tony Blair is almost taking it too easy and that he thinks he has already won. The headline of a newspaper and the way it is presented is also very important. On the front cover of The Sun the headline is short, snappy, bold, big and close together. The headline reads, â€Å"Blair’s back,† which is in block capitals. The headline takes up just over half the page even though it is very short. I think the headline is trying to create the effect that Labour is back, bigger and better than ever. On the front page of The Times it is very different. The main headline on the front page is a lot smaller and less bold than the one in The Sun. It is a lot more spaced out and not as to the point as The Sun. The headline reads, â€Å"Election reward for Prescott. † The headline is in lower case writing but is bolder than the text in the article. I think the headline is trying to create the effect that if Labour win the election people involved get rewards. In other words if you work hard you will get a treat! The arguments and issues presented in the lead story are a very important part of a front page. On the front page of The Sun it is obvious straight away that The Sun is very pro Labour. You don’t even need to read the article to know this. At the top of the page there is a badge with the Labour symbol in the middle. In the article though it says, â€Å"Tony Blair powered back into No10 early today after a SECOND landslide victory. † You can see straightaway that The Sun is persuading the public that Labour deserves to be back in office. After reading the article you can also tell that The Sun does not like the Tory’s. In the article it says, â€Å"Jubilant Mr Blair crushed Tory dreams of a revival-and put William Hague’s job as Opposition leader in peril. † This is a very blunt and uncaring comment and it shows The Sun’s loyalty to Labour. In the article it also gives you all the statistics to show you by how much Labour won, as if they haven’t already! â€Å"The ITN exit poll gave Labour 417 seats. † The Sun’s article is also very brief with not much detail in it. The Times’ article though is very different. It has a very neutral attitude and it is almost being unfair to the Labour party. In the article the writer raises the issue that although John Prescott has been given a new title he has been doing that job all along. â€Å"Mr Prescott is being switched from his role as Environment Secretary to become Mr Blair’s deputy in fact as well as name. † The writer then raises the argument that John Prescott won’t be with Labour come next election. â€Å"Even so, some ministers believe it will be surprising if he stays in the Government throughout the new Parliament. † The article in this paper is a lot longer and more detailed. The language in the two newspapers is very different. This is because The Sun appeals to the working class person where as The Times appeals to the more professional classes. That is why The Times uses more sophisticated language and The Sun is very blunt and to the point.

English As A Second Language Program Essay

An ESL or English as a second Language program, as the name suggests is for students or people in general who do not speak English as their first language and have an interest in learning this language for certain reasons which may range from applying to a college or university in United states or elsewhere or they would want to get accustomed to this language for the purpose of conducting business overseas, for communication with peers at work or it can be for the simple reason of communicating with people at different situations. In this article we are going to focus on ESL programs for students at a school district, comparing and contrasting on the ways they are executed and the ways they should be executed. English as a Second Language programs for students are offered to students by either scheduling classes in between their regular course classes or they can be undertaken as a separate programs by certain individuals who are accommodated in the vicinity of the university. Today, since the ratio of international students is increasing at an alarming rate in United States or Canada, offering an ESL program is more of a legal requirement for most districts so that all students are taken forward together at university or when they enroll into one in future. It is also due to this very fact that a lot of emphasis is given to ESL programs at elementary and middle school levels to prepare students to use English as a channel of communication in future. The execution and the effectiveness of these programs however, vary with different school districts depending upon trained teacher, the program and the dedication of the students themselves. The duration and intensity of an ESL program varies with the individual or university requirement and can be full time or part time, ranging from a couple of weeks to even a year. These details as mentioned do differ, so for example the ESL program offered at the Greenwich public school which aims at providing students academic and communication skills In order for them to succeed in U.S universities as effectively as possible. The elementary school offers this program for an average 2- 4 years with one to eight hours of instruction every week depending upon the grade and language individual needs of students. The school also focuses on very small groups and emphasizes individual attention to students to better understand their weaknesses and fill I the gaps. The Greenwich Public School district has been offering ESL programs for the past 28 years and has seen an influx in the number of ESL students over the years. In the year 2004-05 approximately 731 students enrolled in the program altogether from 54 countries. The elementary school curriculum includes a variety of materials according to student needs such as work books, songs, CD’s, learning of poems, class presentations etc. this program is more content based   and strong emphasis is give on the reading aspect in this program.   The program is organized around themes and aims at teaching critical thinking along with language skills to enable success in mainstream class rooms. In more specific terms this ESL program for elementary students includes Theme based English series which includes work books, posters etc. Group activities (theme based) which tend to explore literature along with songs, activities, TPR games etc. Miami Linguistics, which are designed for ESL beginners in a sequential reading manner. In Greenwich Public School, after completing the elementary school program after reaching grade 2 or grade 3, ESL students are expected to formulate questions, read outside of class, compare materials in a text and also contrast them. They are also able to express a story in their own words with proper understanding and expressions, write small paragraphs and initiate conversations. After completing the basic ESL program for elementary school, students can decide to move out of the program or advance to higher level middle school ESL program, which has its own curriculum and particular hours to be covered aimed at developing proficiency in English language. Placement in this program is based on entry tests and educational history. After looking at the details of different ESL programs offered by various institutes, if one actually compares them with reality, one can say that ESL programs put students under a lot of stress as they try to achive excellence in a second language, therefore recreational facilities should be made affordable, also the students should be encouraged to mingle with American students in order to culturally adjust with them   and pur into practice all the theories they have learnt in   class. Also one of the most important things which teachers for this program need to understand is that students enrolled in an ESL program come from very different backgrounds and cultures, therefore the same methodoligies cannot be applied across the board for teachin purposes. Students must be carefully monitered and encouraged to use their strengths to achive succcess in the course.   (Currie, 2003) If one compares the ESL program offered by greemwich Public School with other ESL programs offered, we can say that most ESL programs are similar in conducting theme based activities, which can be selected by asking students what they want to say, moulding the curiculum in children’s interest. Also at this stage most ESL programs are content based, songs are also one of the important keys to success in most ESL progrms. One of the methods which can contribute towards the improvement of an ESL program at Greenwich is that revision of matrial is very important before every new leson taught, this can be best achived with the help of songs before proceeding forward. Each lesson should be broken down into three to four parts, starting with warm up and revision of previous material, then teaching new lesson, for example new vocabulary words etc, the third part should incorporate games or activities t practice the new lesson and the ending of a esson sholud be on a happy thankful note, referably a song. This approach has been teted at ther ESL program and has proved to be very succesful. Different approaches to learning can be adressed thorough ESL games, making learning lessions fun and more effective. Depending on the students theses ESl games can vary from auditorylearnig style in which games involve more listening through peoms or repitation etc. Visual ESL styles ca be used for students who are more comfortable with videos of games involving flash cards etc and finally tactile learnig styles can be used in which â€Å"touch† are used.   (Vernon) In conclusion, if the current ESL program in a School district is evaluated in terms of the comparisons and details mentioned above,   I would say that diverse approach towards the students is missing and teachers are adopting   a homogenous method towards all students. In my opinion more effort needs to be diverted in this angle where different games and teaching styles are used after analysing the capabilities of students and more emphasis should be place on practical learning.

Two Poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver

Comparison and Contrast Essay between two Poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver Emily Elizabeth Dickinson, or called Emily Dickinson for short (1830 – 1886) and Mary Oliver (1935), are the two poets who contributed great works of art to American society during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In spite of several characteristics that can be found in both Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver poems, there are undeniably things that distinguish them from one another, although outside both are very famous poets of the poems that they wrote at that time, but actually inside, every poem that they bring the reader has a different meaning and quite deep in reader hearts. For example, as we read the poem â€Å"Alligator Poem† by Mary Oliver poem and the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk† by Emily Dickinson, we can clearly see that both poets have borrowed the images of the bird to express the deeply of each verse, and to add lively for their poem. This method is called personification, is one of the main methods by which the poet used to write a poem vividly. Although both poets use personification methods in both poems, such as borrowing the images of the bird to write a poem as an example, but actually the use of such methods have different deeply meaning in the two poems. And that is the topic I write this essay, what are the similarities and differences between how they use images of birds to express their verses? How they have been very successful in using the personification methods to write a poem completely and deeply. First of all, about two poets, they are very famous poet and professional in the field of modern poems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, both began writing poetry when they were very young. (Write something about Emily Dickinson Early Life and Career). Mary Oliver, since she started writing about modern poetry, she had a lot of work that very successful and famous all over the world such as House of Light, Winter Hours: Prose, Prose Poems, and Poems, Why I Wake Early,†¦ and and many other works. One of the most famous works is New and Selected Poems – Volumne One, this work brought to her a great success on the modern way of writing poems, it was also the cause of the birth New and Selected Poems – Volume Two. (Write something about Famous Works of Emily Dickinson). In the poem â€Å"Aligator Poem† in â€Å"New and Selected Poems – Volumne One† of Mary Oliver, personification method is a main method that she used the most to write this poem. As you read the whole poem, you can clearly see the bird that she wants to talk about is tanding in the tops of the trees, whistling any warning, crashing toward to her, its tail failing, slashing the grass, its cradle – shaped mouth gaping, then rimming with teeth,†¦ these actions are not the actions of a bird, these are human actions, she used personification to pretend the bird is a person, or a friend, she pretended that she was walking on the street and saw the bird, but she thought that bird is not a normal bird because she could see its eye was trying to tell her something. And of course she couldn't understand bird language, or the bird couldn't tell her what is going on with her in human language. So the only way that the bird could do is action, I do agree that human cannot understand the birds language, but I do surely agree that human can understand the bird action. Then finally she did understand what the bird was trying to tell her, she understood that something is really bad will happen to her in the future. And yes, she fell, but thanks to the bird's warning, she leaped aside and fell, that is why she did not die. Then in the end, she said that this is not a poem about foolishness, but about how she rose from the ground and saw the world as if for the second time which means she is not a person accepts to failure, she will face it and will continue to stand up every time she falls. In other words, all those things above, including her imagination of a bird is a human, are a method to help she continue to stand up each failure, and see the world again. On the other hand, in the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk† of Emily Dickinson, personification method is also one of the methods that Emily Dickinson used the most to write this poem like I said above in the instruction and in the poem â€Å"Aligator Poem†, this is also the similarity of the two poems, borrowing the images of bird to express their poems. She describes the simple experience of watching a bird came down the walk, but particularly is the bird didn't aware that it was being watched by the poet. The poet depicts the bird and its actions throughout the whole poem such as hopped sidewise to the wall to let a beetle pass, glanced with rapid eyes, stirred his velvet head, unrolled his feathers, rowed him softer home,†¦ these actions provides the readers with vivid imagery when they read the poetry because Emily Dickinson was very meticulous to describe the bird's actions as the actions of human. The poem makes the reader feel and experience very slowly the simple aspects of nature but very beautiful. She creates the mood of the poem in the sequence of very simple activities of he bird but bring more excitement to the reader. The first three stanzas describe very reasonable to replace the sequence of operations of a bird that could occur in the order when watching many kinds of bird. The last two stanzas describe a very natural act of a bird when she provided a crumb. The poem is divided into two parts, the first three stanzas are the first part to describe the mood and tone of the poem by listing the activities of the bird and the rest of the poetry is the second part describes the effect of human interaction on the bird. In the final stanza, a method that Emily Dickinson was used to write this poem is metaphor method; this is a difference between the two poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver, comparing the bird’s smoothness in flight to oars splitting the ocean and butterflies leaping from banks. She used metaphor method to compare the bird’s smoothness in flight to oars splitting the ocean and butterflies leaping from banks. After all, the main goal of this poem is to show the simplistic beauty of nature through words, but this scene will be lost forever if people continue to destroy the nature such as the effect of human interaction on the bird as an example in this poem. To sum of, the big difference between the two poems is the meaning of borrowing the images of birds to tell the unbeaten in the poem â€Å"Poem Aligator† and to describe the beauty of nature in the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk†. In conclusion, reading the poems of the two great poets Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver is one of the best ways to learn and study knowledge although both poets have similar ideas and different ways to bring knowledge to the reader through words, as long as a person or a student willing to work hard and improve, he/she will be able to analyze things in life, to know how to overcome their own difficulties.

PESTLE analysis for John Lewis and Marks and Spencer Essay

PESTLE analysis for John Lewis and Marks and Spencer - Essay Example higher level of political scrutiny over food retail outlets because it is the second largest employer in the UK; with public health assuming a more important focus, there has been a tighter regulation of food stores for this Company. Transition from the traditional supply chain management system to a system of vendor managed inventory, which in conjunction with a tailor made forecasting package, has produced gains for Marks and Spencer and made it one of the most profitable and efficient retailers. (Storey et al, 2003). The Company rarely needs to sell its products at discounts because the supply side is well managed. The percentage of revenues accruing from international sales has increased to 7.1% of group turnover.(2007 Annual report), however maintaining this is a challenge in the face of increased competition in the European Common Market, the development of the common currency – the Euro and changes in VAT Marks and Spencer started off primarily as a clothes retailer; however it has now expanded into food and home products to compete effectively in the global market. British retail competitors of Marks and Spencer are also large corporate chains, which may have their headquarters outside the country, hence outsourcing activities and knowledge management becomes a key element affecting operating as well as long term profitability. Marks and Spencer staff have mostly been recruited young and continued within the organization for many years; as a result, there are some set procedures and routines in operating which have become integral to the staff and has produced resistance among employees to changes within the organization.(Mellahi et al, 2002) Existing markets for Marks and Spencer have expanded beyond UK and has produced a change from the traditional focus of London as the major retail center to a more diffused network of customers and stores across the globe. Companies are required to improve corporate governance in accordance with the Turnbull

The language of health informatic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The language of health informatic - Essay Example Consequently, nurses and other practitioners serve patients based on the use of evidence based care, which goes a long way to improve the quality of health care given to patients. Indeed, almost every other department utilizes the data stored in the system in one way or the other. This is because of the integrating nature in which the system has been created. Due to the integration, the system is not useful only to the departments directly health service like pharmacy, nursing, physiologist, radiology, laboratory and specialist care. Rather, non-health service departments like accounts, security and customer relations also use the system. As far as the non-health service providers are concerned, they use the data to have a fairer understanding of patients under the care of the hospital and how their entry and movements from the hospital are proceeding. For example, the accounts department needs to have basic data on medications received and general service rendered so as to use the electronic billing section of the system (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). The database has been made in such a way that it has been sub-divided among various departments. This way, all departments within the system has its own miniature system that is together networked to a centralized system. Within the miniature or decentralized systems, language is used as and how it suits the department. There is basically variation of language on the system. However, when it comes to the centralized system, there is a summative section that has been produced in clear cut and ordinary language easy for transversal interpretation. The way and manner in which the present system has been arranged, making the system run on both decentralized format and a centralized format makes the access to data very unique. Basically, everyone on the network can have access to data from every

CYBER RIGHTS AND PRIVACY IN SOUTH AFRICA Thesis

CYBER RIGHTS AND PRIVACY IN SOUTH AFRICA - Thesis Example This is a privacy violation. Another privacy issue is that of electronic surveillance. Because of 9/11, this has become a hot-button issue. How wiretapping occurs, and what procedures are in place to ensure the privacy rights of all involved, are important concerns all over the world. Within the issue of surveillance is that of employer-employee surveillance, and why this is necessary for employers. This paper seeks to understand the privacy issues in South Africa and the United States, and how the laws and statutes in these countries deal with the issue of cyber privacy and electronic surveillance. Another issue that is a concern of this paper are the possible solutions to the data collection problem, concentrating on the United States as it, unlike South Africa, has refused to take substantial proactive steps in curbing the problem. Cyber privacy and electronic surveillance as paramount issues around the world, as the Internet is responsible for great criminal mischief and breaches of privacy. South Africa has an Act that will go a long way towards curbing these abuses. If this Act is successful, other countries might want to emulate it, including the United States. At any rate, nations must be proactive to address these concerns, and this paper will present a multitude of ways that this can happen. The advent of the Internet has brought lots of promise and convenience. It is difficult to imagine living without it. However, it has also brought lots of headaches and problems. The main problems deal with private information, and the fact that companies obtain this information and share it with other companies. (Bergelson, 2003, p. 387) This is a thorny problem, in that the individuals do not even know that this data is being collected, let alone with whom the data is shared. (Schwartz, 2004, p. 2078). This problem also leads to cyber breaches, in which personal information falls into the hands of criminals. (Sprague & Ciocchetti, 2009, p.

ITM 501 Mgt. Information. System. and Bus. Strategy SESSION LONG Essay

ITM 501 Mgt. Information. System. and Bus. Strategy SESSION LONG PROJECT 1 FRITO-LAY, NASA & GOOGLE - Essay Example The definition of Knowledge management is similar in the three cases and there is a clear focus on accumulating all the knowledge that is available across the organization to build one strong and effective knowledge database. The three companies have faced several problems. Taking the case of Frito Lays, it is clear that the company faced the issue of working unnecessarily to find customers and for sales. It is noted that all the employees worked on the same processes to gain the same information. In the case of NASA, the problem that the organization faces is that it needed a central point for all the information to be provided so all employees in the organization can learn and benefit from the previous mistakes and experiments of others in the organization (DowJones). Also the issue is the amount of risk involved in the space exploration and the human space flights which indeed need a through and well designed and implemented work to ensure that all the NASA employees have the specialized knowledge and are in track with all the events that occur within the company. The lack of centralized point was the main issue of NASA (Murphy and Holm). In the case of Dow Jones, the company has a wide range of data and knowledge and is spread across the over 157 countries with over 23 languages. Hence again the company lacks a well designed and centralized place for all information. The solution implemented by each of the companies is very similar and there is a main idea of developing a centralized control for the company employees to easily access and use to work more effectively (Murphy and Holm). One of the only major differences that is present is that NASA has a more developed and has used higher technology to develop a more complex system, this however is simply due to the nature of the business. The solutions have been

Regulatory Measures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Regulatory Measures - Essay Example ns into effect on 1st November, 1991 after USSC discovered that several organizations lacked ethics and compliance programs and failed to meet defined standards. Most organizations had substandard programs that fallen short of meeting the goals and expectations of the Sentencing Commission. The Sentencing Guidelines have greatly encouraged American businesses to create effective ethics and compliance programs (ECEPs). The FSGO seldom applies to large companies today because virtually all their crimes are adjudicated in the courthouse. However, the Guidelines still apply in the courthouse even as Non-Prosecution Agreements (NPAs) and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPAs) vastly influence or contribute to out of court settlement (Ferrell et al. 2008). The goal of the FSGO is to incentivize American corporations to aim high and self-police on ethics. According to the FSGO’s Advisory Board, more recognition and consistent promotion of ethics and compliance programs by the enforce ment of the US would significantly incentivize business organizations to invest more in self-policing efforts against corporate crime. The U.S. Congress passed Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002 to protect the public and shareholders from fraudulent/corrupt practices and accounting errors in the enterprise. The legislation sought to improve the accuracy of corporate disclosures. The Securities and Exchange Commission administers Sarbanes-Oxley Act (De & Argosy University, 2006). Apart from improving the accuracy of corporate disclosures, SOX sets deadlines for compliance and publishes rules on the requirements. The US Congress enacted SOX in response to increased cases of high-profile financial scandals in early 2000s involving large companies such as Tyco, WorldCom, and Enron. These scandals rattled investor confidence across the country. Two US Congressmen, Paul Sarbanes and Michael Oxley, drafted the act, which primarily aimed at improving accountability and corporate governance (De &

Short analytical memo report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short analytical memo report - Essay Example The research investigated three charitable organizations within the Halifax regional municipality to establish ways through which the company can support the organizations humanitarian activities through other charitable acts in addition to direct fiscal assistance. The investigative undertaking took advantage of various research methods such carrying out surveys, correlation and a case study of two charitable organizations within the Halifax region, Research Methods (2011).The report begins by an individual description of the two charitable organizations followed by an attempt to match the organizations activities and the company’s objectives. This forms the main body of the report while the summary explains how the particular charity is more beneficial to the company than the rest. Finally, the report concludes by declaring a recommendation. According to Parker Street (2011), this registered non profit agency is responsible for the provision of food, furnishings, skills improvement, and mentoring and support assistance to residents of Halifax regional Municipality. The organization commenced its operations in early nineteen eighties as a food bank. The furniture part commenced operation in mid nineteen nineties at a dissimilar location before combining to form the present major organization. Over the years, it has progressively participated in charitable activities. Parker Street is charity organizations that respect the existence of individuals and are involved in activities to eliminate racism, poverty and other social ills and injustices. They strive to build societies that are concerned about people’s welfare irrespective of their areas of origin, devout affiliations or social and political stand, (Parker Street, 2011). Notably, it formed the IT program in the year 2001 in collaboration with the local Nova Scotia Community college through which scores of students

Connectivity and security Issues Research Paper

Connectivity and security Issues - Research Paper Example In order to conduct a successful assessment, having a positive impact on the security posture of a system on the entire organization, elements of the examination must maintain the technical procedure. The testing process enables organizations to develop a policy of information security assessment and methodology. Identification of individual roles, related to technical procedures is also the aspects of the assessment. Description Corporate organizations spent an enormous amount of money for securing the computer networks and valuable data. There are many techniques and methods introduced in the past for protecting networks. Several encryption techniques are injected between the data flow from one network to another. Organizations prefer technology with low cost and high efficiency, providing network protection and security internally and externally. Evaluation and testing of networks is an essential activity for measuring the current security mechanism. This testing activity identifi es the probability of potential threats as well as threats already available within the network. For eliminating the potential and existing threats, Dial in RAS security testing is implemented. What is Remote Access Server (RAS)? A clear definition is available in the computer desktop encyclopedia which says â€Å"A computer in a network that provides access to remote users via an Internet or dial-up connection†. Many organizations are saving money by providing access to networks from home. The executives, sales staff and others need to connect to the organization’s network when they in mobile resources and need to access network resources also on the weekends from home. RAS initiates remote access techniques for vulnerabilities, they cover computing servers such as terminal servers, VPNs, secure shell (SSH) tunnels, remote desktop application, and dial-up modems. The alternative methods are adapted in this testing procedure for entering in circumvents perimeter defens es. Remote access testing also follows penetration testing methodology, but can also be executed separately to focus on remote access implementations. Testing techniques differ from type of remote access services being tested and the specific goals of the test. Benefits Information security assessment enables the organization to evaluate and test the network, hosts, system, procedure, and person. The organization will able to eliminate essential process by the following methodologies conducted by the RAS server testing: Unauthorized remote access services Port scanning will locate open ports that are often associated with remote access services. Systems are manually checked for remote access services by viewing running processes and installed applications. Evaluating rules for remote access paths Rules sets which are applied on Virtual private network gateways are reviewed for holes or miss configurations that could authorize unwanted entrance for hackers. RAS authentication mechani sm The remote access methods normally require authentication. Before testing, the testing team or testers will first authorize themselves in to the authentication system. There are some defaults or extra account available for testing purpose. Brute force attack is initiated for getting in to the network or gain access without an authentication token. Social engineering techniques are used for breaking the

Digital technologhy plays a key role in education Essay

Digital technologhy plays a key role in education - Essay Example Use of digital technology in education is not a new trend, but is one that has prevailed for centuries. Much of the development in the fields of science and technology can be attributed to the use of digital technology in education. Calculators have been used in educational institutions ranging from primary, through the high school, secondary school, college, and university level for many decades. Modern calculators come with a variety of functions that can help the mathematicians and scientists perform complex calculations. With the advent of computer and particularly the Internet, the whole process of research has been redefined at all levels of academia. Before, learners used to conduct a lot of research to grasp the concepts they needed for research. In their attempt to get hold of the required sources, they would visit several libraries which incurred them not only cost but also consumed a lot of time. Nowadays, there is a sea of information available over the Internet, many of whose sources provide information free of cost. Researchers have the opportunity to select the research papers they need to study in order to conduct the literature review by reading their free abstracts over the Internet first. Use of digital technology in research has enhanced the focus of the researchers and has made the process of research a lot more convenient. Many educationalists see digital technology as something that neatly fits with the interests and values related to the organization and nature of learning.

Interview people about the economy Essay Example for Free

Interview people about the economy Essay The people of the Orange County are an optimistic bunch. Yet, one can see this optimism slowly fading away into the darkness. For a country which is so close to perhaps world’s biggest entertainment hub, this is not a pretty picture. It would be wrong to blame the people. Little has gone right for the county since the economic recession of 2008, the effects of which are still quite visible. For a county which was already suffering from one of the more serious unemployment problems than compared to the average figures of the United States of America, the recession of 2008 has spelt doom, and its repercussions can still be felt. Take the case of the 34-year old Mr. Matthews who had a small shop selling electronic goods. However, with most people who gave him patronage, out of jobs or saving up for the bleak future, there are no takers for his once steadily selling shop of television sets and radios. His only hope is a government bailout, so that his customers have more money in their hands, or in other words greater purchasing power so as to indirectly get him out of this mess. Mr. Matthews situation is in complete contrast with Mrs. Mosby who is a secretary with the local government authority. She has been affected very little by the 2008 economic recession but maintains that she is concerned about a lot of her friends, whose businesses have shut or who have been shown the door in their jobs. The only consequence of this recession on her is that while her pay has not increased, prices of many commodities of even general use have gone by which makes it difficult for her to make the ends of her household meet. She is for the moment thankful that she has a government job, but strongly advocates that it is the state’s responsibility to find her fellow citizens a job which at the very least promises them adequate means of survival. Recession and the deteriorating economic situation is a concern not only to those who are currently affected by it, but also those who may be affected by it in the future. Take the case of 24-year old Mike, who is a final year student at the local university. He agrees that the heat in the air can be felt by all, and even though his university manages to put together a small career fair every year, it seems a difficult proposition this year. Although in the top half of his class, Mike admits that getting a job which helps him repay his educational loans he took for college, at least currently, seems to be a daunting task. He is hopeful that by the time he graduates, the situation would improve. He doesn’t make a case for out and out state intervention, but hopes that the state would help big economic powerhouses by giving them incentives and subsidies. Things have turned sour for those who are self-employed as well. Take the instance of a lawyer who has his own practice, Miss Timberlake. Litigation has become suddenly too expensive, and people seem to prefer to hold up matters for now. Even matters of home foreclosure have got delayed for now. People are looking at otherwise normal litigation procedures as a luxury service, which they are unable to afford at the moment, and are not as big a priority as say medical and health expenditure. Health insurance companies are facing the heat as no other according to Jeff, who works at one of the biggest insurance companies. The health and medical costs have spiraled over the last few years. The fact that people have very little disposal income, and are defaulting on their regular premium payments is making the matters worse for the insurance companies. Their being no solution in sight, people are turning to each other and urging them to perform acts of gratitude. For instance, appeals are being made to doctors and other hospital staff to give up a day’s pay. People are becoming much more cautious and conservative in spending their money. For instance, the younger siblings are getting their older siblings clothes. The insurance companies don’t have enough cash flowing in so as to be able to cope up with the increasing medical costs. This spells a disaster not just for one or two companies, but for two industries which are vital to the US economy – health and insurance. Whether there is a way out of this mess is the million dollar question facing everyone right now. The companies in both sectors, however, are optimistic and hope to see things improving with the Obama administration. Obama’s success in being able to pass the health insurance bill is being seen as a huge positive and people seem to be oddly comforted by his words of promise. Job creation is what people are currently looking forward to. Perhaps, the only sections of the society who have nothing to lose right now are the school going children. However, it is amazing how the economic crisis has made way into their everyday conversations as well. David who is only 14 is angry at the whole situation. He maintains that the whole crisis is the fault of the government, which allowed risky investments to be made. He is also unhappy about the liberal policies which have allowed a bulk of the work to be outsourced to other destinations where labour is much cheaper. Stricter laws are needed, he argues emphatically. Those who are retired have been hit badly as well. Their pension schemes and other insurance amounts are simply not enough for them to be able to make their ends meet. Home foreclosures are likely and in the offing, and this has most of them worried. Take the case of Mr. Andrews, who is 66 years old and survives on a small pension scheme. Recently the prices of even basic consumables have risen so sharply risen that he is finding it difficult to make the ends meet. His old age means that it is much more difficult for him to find a job as compared to other freshers just out of college. He is worried that if the State fails to take some concrete steps soon, many Americans could be tinkering on the verge of starving poverty. Take the case of Mr. Murdoch who is a stock market analyst and broker. In the economic recession of 2008, he lost close to $100,000. He says that he is devastated and doesn’t know if there is any hope remaining for his business, and whether he will be able to revive it in the near future. He is currently torn between the idea of continuing his business, or taking up a small job somewhere. However, he himself laughs at the irony of it all, given that it would be near impossible to find a job anywhere. He also feels responsible to many of his clients, who he was acting for, and have lost a considerable amount of money in the stock market. At the same time, however, he is quick to point out that investment in the market is subject to market risks, and therefore, one is understood to have assumed the same.

Human Resource Management in the FMCG Industry

Human Resource Management in the FMCG Industry Human resource management (HRM) is that part of management process which makes, enhances, manages and develops the human element of the enterprise measuring their resourcefulness in terms of talents, abilities, total skills, creative, knowledge, and potentialities for effectively contributing to the organizational objectives. Human resources are precious and a source of competitive advantage. Human resources may be tapped most effective by mutually standard policies which promote promise and foster an inclination in employees to act flexibly in the interests of the adaptive organizations pursuit of excellence. Human resource policies can be joined with planned business and used to reinforce appropriate culture. Human resources play a critical role in enabling the organization to effectively deal with the external environment challenges. The human resource management has been accepted as a strategic partner in the formulation of organizations strategies and in the implementation of such strategies through human resource planning, employment, training, appraisal and rewarding the personnel. Strategic management of human resources facilitates creation of competitive advantage for the organization over its rival by building unique human resource based competence. An organizations recruitment, selection, training, performance management process and compensation practices can have a strong influence on employee competence. Company output increase if the management can hire more experience well qualified candidate. Performance appraisal takes in account the past performance of the employees and focuses on their improvement for the future performance of the employees through counseling, coaching or training. The human resource strategy of a business should reflect and support the corporate strategy. An effective human resource strategy includes the way in which the organization pans to develop its employees and provide them with suitable opportunities and better working conditions so that their optional contribution is ensured. This implies selecting the best available personnel, ensuring a fit between the employee and the job and retaining, empowering and motivating employees to perform well in the direction of corporate objectives. Statement of Purpose Consumer packaged goods (CPG) Organization, alternatively called as FMCG industry mainly deals with the production, marketing and selling of consumer packaged goods. The FMCG or Fast Moving Consumer Goods are those goods which are generally consumed at a regular interval by the consumers. FMCG industry has some of the main activities like financing, selling, purchasing, marketing etc. The industry also contributes or also involved in general management supply chain, operations and production. FMCG industry gives a variety of consumables and consequently the amount of money is very high which is circulated against FMCG products. Day by day the competition between the FMCG producers is increasing consequently the investment in FMCG industry is increasing. FMCG Sector in India is estimated to grow at a very high rate by 2012. PRIME FMCG PRODUCTS Some general FMCG product categories include dairy products and food, drinks, coffee, tea, tobacco and cigarettes, glassware, paper products, pharmaceuticals, dry cells, electronics, prepacked food products, plastic goods, watches, greeting cards, soaps, printing and stationery, household products, detergents, photography, drinks etc. In FMCG industry some of the features which made this organization as a strong distribution networks are small operational cost, as a prospective one, presence of renowned FMCG companies. Population growth is also one of the major factors behind the success of this industry. Introduction GOOD FOOD, GOOD LIFE NESTLE is a very popular brand in all over the world. It basically supplies packaged food. It was established and has headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. Nestle was established in 1905 when the two companies was merged. The first company was established in 1866 by Page Brothers to produce milk products and their company name was Anglo-Swiss Milk Company in Cham, Switzerland and the second one was Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © Company to supplies an infant food product set up in 1867 by Henri Nestlà ©. Nestlà ©s have a trademark (birds in a nest), derived from Henri Nestlà ©s personal coat of arms, evoke the values upon which he founded his Company. Nestlà ©s have their no. of brands which are well-known worldwide; list of all the products has made the company a international market master. Some of their famous products are coffee, chocolate, ice cream, confectionery, milk, pet food bottled water. FAMILY OF NESTLE Family of NESTLE consists of products related to: Milk Nutrition Beverages Prepared dishes cooking aids Chocolates confectioneries NESTLE is one of the well known FMCG company. In the Every part of the world, the Nestlà © name represents a commitment or promise to the customer that the product is of high standard and safe. NESTLE support the UNGC (United Nations Global Compacts). UNGC guiding principles on human rights, their aim and labour to offer an example of better labour practices and human rights all over his business activities. Nestle people played a major role for his success. Nestle people give the equal respect and dignity to each other and expect from the every employee to share and contribute their opinions and views to improve Company personal development and results and also promote a sense of personal responsibility. Nestle recruit motivated and competent people, who know and respect our values, provide equal opportunities for their advancement, development, protect their privacy and do not tolerate any form of discrimination or harassment. Human resources of an organization can provide it with a reasonable advantage over its competitors in the fast changing environment. This calls for the strategic management of human resources for the accomplishment of corporate objectives. STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT is called as the linking of strategic goals with human resources. No. of objectives in order to enhance or to develop an organizational culture, to improve organization performance and that fosters flexibility, innovation, and sustainable competitive advantage is called. HRM practices of an organization give its an edge over its competitors, thereby leading to strategic human resource management. KEY FACTORS OF SHRM PROCESS The outcomes of the Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) process which should be evaluated both qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The business strategy it alters and is altered by the SHRM process and which provide the business a good thought of direction. The external environment which is flexible and dynamic in the present global business scenario. The internal environment The general culture and the organizational context which is prevalent in the organization. VISUAL DEPICTION OF THE SHRM PROCESS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WITH BUSINESS OUTCOME STRONG AND FOCUSED VISION HUMAN RESOURCING OPEN COMMUNICATION PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL CHALLENGES AND ADVENTURES SHARING OF INFORMATION SHAPING THE WORKING CULTURE CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF STRATEGIC HRM PLANNING PROCESS Strategic human resource management is the process by which managers design the mechanisms of an HRM system to be reliable with each other, with the organizations plans and goals and with other essentials of organizational architecture. The main role of strategic HRM is the improvement of an HRM system that increases an organizations awareness, worth, invention, and productivity to customers. Strategic human resource planning (SHRP) involves four distinct stages: Situational analysis/environmental scanning. Estimating demand for human resources. Analyzing the supply of human resources. Developing action plans to close any gap between human resource demand and supply. The first stage of HR planning is the point at which strategic planning and HRM interact. HR planners anticipate sources of threats and identify and should drive the organizations strategic planning and opportunities with the help of Environmental scanning. The strategic ideas or plan implement to environmental circumstances, and HR planning is the mechanisms that an organization can use to accomplish this adaptation process. The second stage, forecasting demand, requires estimating not only how many but also what kinds of employees will be needed by the organization. The demand for employees should be closely tied to the strategic direction of the organization. Forecasting yields advance estimates of the organizations staffing requirements. This is a difficult task, especially for organizations in rapidly changing environments. Four forecasting techniques include expert estimates, trend projections, statistical modeling, and unit-demand forecasting. Estimate by no of expert, a group of experienced or expert provides the organization with demand estimates based on subjective assessments of available economic, intuition, prior experience, and labor force indicators. Trend projection involves forecasting which is based on a previous relationship between the employment and a factor related to employment (e.g. sales levels). Statistical modeling techniques (e.g. regression analysis or Markov analysis) are mor e quantitative forecasting and sophisticated techniques. Unit-demand forecasting requires the unit managers (e.g. department head, project team leader) to analyze the present and future job-by-job, people-by-people needs. The third phase involves studying the number and types of current employees in terms of the training and skills necessary for the future and also the supply of capable workers in the outside labor market. The skills inventory is a major tool used to assess the internal supply of employees. A skills inventory is a list of names, skills and characteristics of the people currently working for the organization. The list of skills coded into the skills inventory should be tailored to the needs for the organization, but might include such factors as level and field of education, knowledge of a foreign language, professional qualification or certification, or licenses held. The organized inventory provides a way to acquire these data and makes them available as needed in an efficient manner. Also important is the need to maintain the inventory so that information is kept current. With regard to the external labor market, the entire country (or world) may be the relevant labor market for hig hly skilled jobs. For unskilled jobs the relevant labor market is usually the local community. After the HR planning system has analyzed both the supply of and the demand for future workers, the two forecasts are compared to determine what, if any, actions are necessary. If a discrepancy exists between the two estimates, the organization needs to choose an appropriate course of action designed to eliminate the gap. The organization has a number of options available when the demand for workers is greater than the supply of workers. The organization might elect to use overtime work with current employees, increase training and promotions of current employees, or recruit new employees. In tight labor markets, the availability of labor is limited (i.e. demand exceeds supply), driving up the price of those employees who are hired, and limiting the extent to which the organization can be selective in its hiring procedures. In a loose labor market, qualified employees are abundant. When the supply of workers exceeds demand, alternative solutions include attrition, early retirements, demotions, layoffs, and terminations. STRATEGIC HRM AT NESTLE Nestlà © aims to increase the business, list of customers, profits and sales but, at the same time, to improve the Standard of living everywhere it is active and the quality of life for everyone. Nestlà © is also convinced that nestle employees is the strength of the Company and it is impossible to achieved without their energy and their commitment, which makes people its most important asset. Involvement of people and also showing their interest at all levels starts with the basic and appropriate information on the Companys activities and also on the specific aspects of their work. Through shared their views, ideas and communication and focused vision, everyone is invited to share and contribute there opinions and views to improvements enhancing Company personal development and results. Currently human resource is the term which is in demand of every organization. By using the HR policies companies are able to describe the combination of organizational management personnel functions with achievement, Knowledge, relation between employees, employees experience and how to utilize resource at different levels. PURPOSE By using the HR policies an organization can be transparent with their employees on organization environment Employee expectation from the company Company expectation from their employees What are the company policies and how the polices apply. What are the acceptable behavior What is the behavior of the workforce that cant be accepted? The policies are basically used to help an organization to explain that it reach the requirements for training, variety, principles. If an Organization want to fire any employee in this case it may be necessary for the organization to show the reason of the complaint with the employee contract and also all the others legal documents. HR management policies are important for those companies that do not want and personnel issues in future. Complete HR solution which covers human resource policy solutions, evaluation services, professional human resource advice and job description writing given to the customers. Common Sense would seem to dictate the necessity of having written policies and procedures covering all aspects of the employee/organization relationship. Yet, there are organizations with few or no written policies. In fact, there are organizations that have never considered developing policies and procedures-written or otherwise. There are organizations with written policies and procedures that read well but have no relationship to the needs of the organization/company or employees. There are organizations with elaborate sets of policies and procedures that no one seems to read, let alone follow, and there are organizations that appear to use their policies and procedures primarily as rules for identifying and punishing infractions. In actuality, HR policies- Provide clear communication between organization/company and its employees regarding conditions of employment. Form a basis for treating all employees fairly and equally. Are a set of guidelines for supervisors and managers. Create a basis for developing employee handbooks. Establish a basis for regularly reviewing possible changes affecting employees. To fulfill all these purposes and objectives, Policies should: Be clear and specific, but provide adequate flexibility to meet changing conditions. Comply with all appropriate federal and state laws and regulations. STEPS FOR SHRM Job Design Recruitment Selection Training Development Pay structure Benefits Performance Management Rewards and Incentives Maintenance: Welfare JOB DESIGN: Job design refers to the way the tasks are combines to form a complete job. Job design is a process which joins the intrinsic and extrinsic relationship, tasks, and the candidate experiences and educations required like knowledge, qualification, skill and capabilities for every type of task that meet the requirements of organization and employees. The job design under NESTLE is a very detailed and based on strategic process. The company incorporates practices like Job Enrichment and Job Enlargement, to motivate employees and to break the monotony of their job tasks. The correspondent herself works in both sales and brand management departments, which is an example of job enlargement. Nestle HR policy- Nestle group used this policy to covers those rules which create a sound basis for well-organized and active HR Management around the world. 2. RECRUITMENT SELECTION: Recruitment is the process of developing and maintaining adequate manpower resources. Recruitment is basically a process to select the interested candidates and divide the candidates in different- pool of prospective employees, so that the recruiters are able to select the right candidate from this pool. The recruitment process at Nestle is clearly defined. People with qualities like dynamism, realism, loyalty, pragmatism, hard work, honesty and reliable. Match between candidates values companys culture. Recruitment for management levels takes place in the head office and all others at the branch level. The existing employees are promoted to higher posts as per the requirements. There are no lateral recruitments. Another source of recruitment is campus placements and human resource consultancies. Selection-Combination of written test, GD interview (Interviews for top Management posts). 3. TRAINING DEVELOPMENT: Training is a major and also an important part of organized activity for increasing the skills and knowledge of people and also to understand the deep knowledge of task that what they have to perform or for a definite purpose. It involves systematic procedures for imparting technical know-how to the employees so as to increase their knowledge and skills for doing specific jobs with proficiency. From the Company floor to the upper management, training at Nestlà © is continuous. Nestlà © people provide this training and it is constantly appropriate to the professional life. Nestle provides the following- Literacy training-to upgrades essential literacy skills, especially for workers who operate new equipment (Mission-directed Work Team Approach). Employees are also sent abroad to study markets, consumer tastes etc. Nestle Apprenticeship Programmes. Local Training Programmes-on issues ranging from technical, leadership, and communication and business economics. Employees are also sent abroad to study markets, consumer tastes etc. Nestle people development review- this policy throws light on Nestlà ©s culture and core values, different training programs and life of employees after work. Nestle leadership and management principles- it describe the management style and the corporate values of the Nestlà © Group, specifically in the area of interpersonal relations. 4. PAY STRUCTURE: Pay Structure is basically used to set the salary structure of the employees according to the level of job, or group of jobs and also consider basic salary, overtime and bonus. We can also call pay structure as salary structure. Nestle strives to offer fair remuneration. Remuneration level is above the average in industry. The variable component of the salary is comparatively big to reward individual Performance. In case of higher management level, the variable part is linked to individual team target achievements. 5. BENEFITS: Nestle offers no. of benefits to their employees to fulfill their expectation like Health insurance for his and his family members, PF, reimbursements (Car, Phone) etc. Take all the necessary steps for the protection of the employees during work with Nestle. The following benefits are provided to all employees, with no discrimination- Leave-Personal Medical (fixed no. per year) Children Education Assistance Scheme Provident fund Retirement Gratuity Scheme Group Insurance Accidental Insurance Scheme Conveyance Reimbursements Residential Accommodation Monthly health check-ups free consultation for self family etc. 6. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: Performance management includes all standard procedures used to appraise contributions, potentials and personalities of group members in a working organization. It is a process which is important for making accurate and impartial decisions on employees for secure information. At Nestle performance appraisals of Employees are done in order to understand each employees abilities, competencies and relative merit. Formal assessment by Line Managers and HR once a year with feedback. Subordinate can question an unfair evaluation. Specific Key Performance Indicators have been enlisted by the HR department. One of the important key performance indicators is achievement following the Nestle management and leadership principles. Remuneration structure and promotion criteria take into account individual. 7. REWARDS INCENTIVES: it consists of a variety of modules that can be presented to reward employees and identify unique performance. The structure is based on consistent, delivering equitable and fair rewards to a differentiated group to encourage the employees to generate new ideas in improving the workplace productivity and consists of the following non-financial and financial rewards. Passion to Win awards- These quarterly awards have been institutionalized to reward those who over-achieve their targets. Long-service Awards- To recognize employees who have been with the company for more than 30 years. Nestle Idea Award- It was found from the correspondent that the company institutes Nestle Idea Award every quarter to recognize and award employees who come up with relevant and innovative ideas which have the potential of being implemented at Nestle. 8. MAINTENANCE A) EMPLOYEE RELATIONS: Employee Relations involves the body of work concerned with maintaining employer-employee relationships that contribute to satisfactory productivity, motivation, and morale. Essentially, Employee Relations is concerned with preventing and resolving problems which arise out of or affect work situations. Nestle provides a very healthy working environment which is one of the reasons why Nestlà ©s employees state their commitment level to be very high. Employee turnover is less than 5%., which is considered to be very low for a Multinational Corporation. Nestle has a open culture upward communication especially in case of grievance redressal. Work/Life balance is given importance, as illustrated in the Nestle Human Resource Policy document. Nestle Family annual events are organized by their HR department whereby employees along with their families are invited. Emphasis is laid on safety of employees (Nestle Policy on Health and Safety at Work). B) SAFETY HEALTH: Risk assessment must be required in an organization to identify any type of miss happening or danger in the workplace and should be able to identify or known the steps to be taken to handle the condition. The Nestle Operational Safety, Health and Risk-Management Strategy document illustrates that: Nestle is dedicated to safe healthy work environment. Regular safety assessments audits take place by internal external bodies. CHANGE MANAGEMENT Nestle has adjusted to the ever-changing external environment for the last 140 years since its inception 1866 without losing its fundamental views and fundamental values. It manages Change and drives sustainable profitable growth by following the policy of making gradual changes instead of making drastic and risky changes. ERP implementation- In June 2000, Nestle SA signed a contract of $200 million with SAP with additional $80 million for maintenance and consulting to install an ERP system for its global enterprise to maintain centralize a multinational that subsidiaries in 80 countries and have owns 200 operating companies. While the ERP system was likely to have long-term benefits, the project touched the corporate structure and culture. The structure was decentralized, and it tried to centralize it. This was initially opposed by employees but with subsequent measures taken by the HR like training etc., this has been successfully implemented. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Model employed by Nestle is one of High Performance, High involvement and high commitment. Nestle is unique in the sense that it has been able to successfully inculcate its business objective as well as its core values, consistently in its employees day-to-day activities starting from recruitment till continuous performance appraisals. Like, open and flexible culture is ensured by way of providing training programs to employees at all the levels. This kind of culture is also supported by decentralized structure of Nestle. Transparent performance appraisal systems and the freedom given to them to question their seniors benefit not only the employees but even the organization as a whole. Nestles emphasis on individual achievement is evident from the kind of pay structure HR has designed for its employees. Need to develop consultation/awareness program to assist the employees for their better understanding of the policies. More incentives should be offered to the employees who provide continuous services to the organization. Nestlà ©, maintain their essential principles and fundamental value from their past historical experience from village operation to the international leading food company which is important for long-term achievement and success. Nestle used HR policies from the last many years and as the company size is growing, increase the difficulty to a dimension which make the demands of research and development of its organization. Nestle motivation is depend upon the willingness to understand and to put query about what why it is doing it, along with respect to Nestlà © values, will guarantee its victory.

Rights of Old People in New Zealand

Rights of Old People in New Zealand Nirpreet Kaur Brar ABSTRACT The main purpose of the report is to tell about the rights of the old people with common geriatric health conditions. It tells about the needs of the individuals and how they can meet with them. It also describes the codes of the practice and standards related to common geriatric health conditions for example Dementia etcetera. INTRODUCTION All the countries are facing the problems with elderly related to geriatric health conditions. In New Zealand ageing population placing an increased demand of support services. DHB’s have a need to provide the services for the older people in which they are treated so that they can make the best use of staff and high cost facilities. To provide good services to the old people it requires all the services and practitioners who are working with the old people should have holistic and client centred approach and also should have the understanding about the work. THE TASK Question 1 Critically review and discuss the principles involved in the person-centred approach to dementia and other common geriatric health condition’s care, with respect to the following: ANSWER: (1) Individuality: Culture change is a very long-term effort. It starts when analysing individual, team or organisation practice for identifying areas which requires development. About individual assumptions should never be made. They should never have to be fit in with you or your employer. Individuals should be supported and allowed for make their own choices. For every individual support and care needs should be tailored. This shows respect by preserving the individual’s dignity and individuality. Their personal beliefs should be respected. (2) Independence: You should allow the individuals to whom you are supporting to do things for themselves. You should take time to enable the individuals you are supporting to be independent. Don’t do things for them because it is quicker. Support them for doing things that they can do or almost they do because independence makes the people feel in control of their lives and gives them a sense of self-worth. (3) Privacy: you should understand the needs of the client related to privacy and support them in a way you work. (4) Choice: Every individual to whom you support and give care should allow making their own choices. They should be given information so that they can make choices. (5) Dignity: Dignity is that when we respected then what we feel that is important in society and in their lives. When individuals are eating, shopping, sleeping they should be dignified. The support workers should help them to do so. (6) Respect: You should support an individual in a way in which they are comfortable and what they believe is important related to their age, culture, sexuality etcetera. When you are working with other people or professionals you should not ignore your clients to whom you support. You should always include them in your conversation. (7) Rights: The individuals to whom you are caring and supporting should have the same rights as they were having at the time when they were independent. Each individual have the right to say no and the right to ask about the way in which you care and support them. They should have the right what to eat, what to wear and how to wear. They should have the right to make the friends of their own choice and how much time and how they spend with them. (8) Autonomy: With other professionals for working in partnership with colleagues, families and carers is an essential part to provide care and support. Person-centred care and support is about a whole range of people who are working together for improving the lives of individuals. Question 2 Critically review the non-person-centred approach to dementia and other common geriatric health condition’s care, from the Answer: (1) Institution perspective: People are not disease-specific. Through a quality and safety perspective, there is good reason for arguing for healthcare to be centred on patients or on people. It was argued that from medical error major reason for the high level of morbidity and mortality in many nations is due to healthcare being system-centred and doctor-centred. The involvements of patients and their families in healthcare, or patient-centred and family centred care, are now recognised to be an important partnership approach in ensuring the quality and safety of healthcare delivery .However, people with the highest health needs are often those who miss out on healthcare and, thus, can be identified neither as patients nor consumers. We argue that people-centred care ensures that healthcare is not only safe, but appropriate and accessible for all people (2) Bio-medical perspective: For scientific inquiry traditional approaches in a positivistic paradigm are relied on to maintain a distance between the phenomenon of interest and the researcher in a quest to reveal â€Å"truth† or a high degree of certainty. The researcher designs a study carefully for maximizing the distance through maintaining a neutral context-free approach and degree of objectivity. In the essence, the researchers attempts to hold themselves over and against a phenomenon, assuming a bird’s-eye view from a predetermined vantage point. Methodologically, control and manipulation of determinants of study variables are emphasized. By using such experimental approaches, a handful of neuroscientists have launched the AD movement in the 1960s, which results in rapid growth in four major areas of dementia research and practice. Question 3 Critically evaluate and discuss at least five of the following range of techniques used to meet the fluctuating abilities and needs of individuals with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions to maintain their health and wellbeing. Answer: (1) Reality-orientation approach Reality orientation has helped in declining the popularity over many years. Validation therapy emphasizes on the feelings that are behind the behaviors and statements. It emphasizes on the persons for talking about the reality in which they are in. Good reality orientation can result in a harsh imposition of the real reality and a good response to a question. Poor reality response results in bad response. The people using reality orientation must apply sensitivity and wisdom. In clinical experience both reality orientation and validation therapy understanding is immensely beneficial. Most beneficial response can be used according to person’s emotion state, personality and situation. (2) Validation approach: Validation is a method to interact with people who have dementia in the last stage of Alzheimer’s disease. People with last stage of Alzheimer’s disease exhibit abnormal behavior. For example they think that they are living in a different place or they may continuously repeat a physical gesture. Many people for example professionals think that caregivers should stop this type of behavior by stopping it or by correcting it. According to validation method this behavior is an attempt by the Alzheimer’s patient for communicating and expressing their needs. The main aim of the validation approach is to understand and emphasizes on the needs of the person trying to express. So the theory behind this method is the belief that the people with dementia do and say something for a reason. The validation in their words and actions is a way to encourage them to keep communication open with rest of the world. Other principle of validation states the o lder people are to be valued as is and those who have dementia should not be changed. Principles behind the validation approach:- Validation is the method to communicate with and to disorient the very old people which results in reducing the stress, enhancing dignity and increasing happiness. Validation practitioners are taught to be caring and judgmental and open to the feelings expressed by patient. This theory understands the patients who are in final stage of life they try to resolve unfinished issues in order to die in peace. (3) Holistic Approach:- When someone who reaches the later stages of a dementia-related illness such as Alzheimer s disease, to give care to them can be much for one person, even if others pitch in. People with dementia lose their ability to function in a certain progression, although there may be individual differences, First is the inability for doing independent daily living activities such as driving, paying bills, or taking medications. After that, essential daily functions such as eating, bathing, or using the bathroom independently become very difficult for them. This loss of function happens in different ways for different people, but in some instances, it can occur very quickly. Before your loved one reaches the point to need full-time care, you need to have a firm plan in place. That s where Memory Care comes in. The memory care is the third component of Erickson Living comprehensive Memory Support program. The first component is memory fitness designed for the people wanti ng their memory sharp. Memory health is a third component which is for the people who are in the later stage and who need support. (4) Assistive technologies: Assistive technology refers to a device or system which enables an individual to perform a task which they cannot perform independently and it increases the ease in which they can perform their task safely. It includes the device for helping the people who have problems in:- Speaking Hearing Eyesight Moving out Getting out and around Memory Cognition Socialising Daily living activities for example dressing and preparing meals Assistive technology helps in:- Promoting independence and autonomy to the person with dementia as well as to whom who are around Helping to manage potential risks in and around home Reducing early entry into care homes and hospitals Facilitating memory and recall Reducing the stress on carers, improving quality of life for them, and also with the person who have dementia. The technology available is:- (1)Memory aids Reminder messages Clocks and calendars Meditation aids Locater devices Aids for reminiscence and leisure (2)Telecare Floods Extreme temperatures Gas Falls Absence from a bed or chair Getting up in the night Leaving the home (5) Alternative therapies: The term complementary and alternative therapy includes many diverse forms of treatment. Complementary and alternative therapies are a high range of treatments that are outside of conventional medicine and which are used for treating and preventing illness and promoting health and well-being. Practitioners of complementary therapies are not much trained for diagnosing disease. The area of complementary and alternative medicine is controversial and it changes regularly. The therapies that are considered complementary or alternative in one country that may be considered conventional in another. Therapies that are now considered alternative that may become more mainstream over time, as researcher discover their effectiveness and become integrated into mainstream health care practice. Some of the complementary and alternative therapies are now available on the NHS, although this varies from region to region. Question-4 Critically analyse and discuss the impacts of equality, and cultural and diversity issues on the provision of the person-centred approach to individuals with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions within Answer (1) public health and health promotion Cultural competency is at the core of high quality, patient-cantered care, and it directly impacts how care is delivered and received. According to the Institute of Medicine’s report, Unequal Treatment Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare, a consistent body of research indicates a lack of culturally competent care directly contributes to poor patient outcomes, reduced patient compliance, and increased health disparities, regardless of the quality of services and systems available. In addition to improving care quality and patient satisfaction, delivering culturally competent care increases job satisfaction and contributes to staff retention. Impacts include:- Families may not know the right questions to ask regarding service offered within the organization, limits on what the organization can do for the residents/patients, resources that are available, or how they engage those resources. Families do not or cannot—for cultural or linguistic reasons—discuss their expectations with the organization. Families may find it hard to visit and participate in programs with residents, especially if they do not have access to transportation. Volunteerism is not part of the value system in some ethno-cultural communities, and adult children may not be interested in participating in social and cultural activities with residents. Without the encouragement and support of community partners, organizations face challenges in meeting the needs of residents from recently arrived or smaller ethno-cultural or religious groups. Regulatory requirements may restrict the degree to which organizations can adapt their current practices to accommodate ethnic groups with different perspectives and backgrounds. Attitudes to health and demand for healthcare Staff expects promptness Staff expects compliance Staff takes paternal approach Staff disrespects non-traditional healing practices Staff does not consider residents’/patients’ conflict regarding familiar belief systems and current practices Staff does not keep an open mind Question-5 Critically analyse and discuss the impacts that health sector standards and codes of practice, and other published standards have on the person-centred practice approach for individuals with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions. Answer: Healthcare Quality Professionals are defined as a standard of conduct deep-rooted in commitment, confidentiality, and relationships. By committing to improvement of performance and by integrity maintenance, the Healthcare Quality Professional can recognize the personal accountability and moral obligation to all customers which are served—clients, employers, employees, organisations, physicians, and the public. Healthcare Quality Professionals promote the profession’s dignity are committed to practicing the profession with integrity, honesty, and accountability. To respect all laws and to refuse to participate in or conceal any unethical, false, fraudulent, or deceptive activity:- †¢ to practice the profession with honesty, integrity, and accountability †¢ maintaining the level of competency as outlined in the Standards of Practice for Healthcare Quality Professionals †¢ seeking the trust and confidence of all customers †¢ supporting the Standards of Practice for Healthcare Quality Professionals †¢ respecting all laws and avoiding involvement in any false, fraudulent, or deceptive activity †¢ promoting the right of privacy for all individuals and protecting the maintenance of confidential information to the fullest extent permitted by law †¢ using expertise to inform employers or clients of possible positive and negative outcomes of management decisions in an effort to facilitate informed decision making †¢ giving credit for the work of others to whom it is due †¢ aiding the professional development and advancement of colleagues †¢ using the Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality (CPHQ) designation only after passing the written examination, adhering to standards established by the Healthcare Quality Certification Board (HQCB) and continuing to maintain those standards through the recertification process †¢ maintaining membership in professional organizations as a means of promoting quality and professional growth and avoiding the use of such membership for the sole purpose of solicitation of business or for personal financial gain. †¢ Healthcare Quality Professionals’ primary commitment is to the health, wellbeing, and safety of patients. They must take appropriate actions regarding any instances of incompetent, unethical, illegal, or impaired practice. They work to promote cultural change that encourages the reporting of events that may result in actual or potential harm to patients or others. Standards of practice:- †¢ maintains active personal and professional development programs in the field of healthcare quality and exhibits a broad range of knowledge †¢ creates and supports an environment that fosters teamwork, emphasizes quality, recognizes the customer, and promotes learning †¢ maintains a commitment to the improvement of the professional through participation in, and active support of, the local, state, and national professional organizations †¢ addresses concerns and takes formal actions to resolve or report the unethical or questionable practices to the appropriate channels. †¢ Supports the Code of Ethics for Healthcare Quality Professionals RECOMMENDATIONS Good services should be provided to the patients suffering from dementia and othe geriatric conditions. There should be good codes of ethics and standards of practice for the people and they must be followed. Conclusion The group believed that good management services are necessary for every patient. There should be suitable principles for providing care and support to the patient. REFRENCES Ministry of health: guideline for specialist health services for older people (2004).Retrieved fromhttps://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/guidelines.doc Person centre support retrieved from https://www.health.vic.gov.au>Dementia-friendly environments. Strategies The international journal of person cantered medicine (2012) Retrieved from https://www.tpk.govt.nz/_/wo-nzjouneytowardspeoplecentredcare.pdf Using reality orientation in the treatment of people with Alzheimer’s disease ( may 2014) Retrieved from https://www.Alzheimer’s.about.com>>Treatment options Diversity and culture competency in healthcare settings Retrieved from https://www.matherlifewaysinstituteonaging.com//Diversity-and-Cultural-Com... Codes of ethics and standards of practice Retrieved from http://www.nahq.org/uploads/files/about/condestandards.pdf

The Israeli and Palestinian Gaza Conflict Essay -- International Conf

Broad international consensus regarding the political and legal controversies of the Israeli and Palestinian Gaza conflict has been minimal at best. At its worst it has fueled the controversies created by the United Nations Fact Finding Mission, through which, both sides maintain their positions and justification for their actions. In ordered to obtain an opinion on this issue one must examine the factual historical background of the Gaza Conflict. By identifying the major legal and political discrepancies, observing the perspectives of those who defend Israeli actions, and those who have a strong critique against those actions we can grasp the complexity of this issue and make an assessment of actions on both sides. In 2005 Israel withdrew forces from the Gaza Strip but did so with conditions toward Palestinian authorities. It must put an end to terror tactics in and around Israeli territory. This seemed a promising step toward Palestinian and Israeli peace until 2006 when the political group Hamas took power and declared that it would not recognize the existence of Israel. It rejected the Oslo Accords and Arab Peace Initiative and separated itself from negotiating with Israel. Since coming to power Hamas had openly advocated for attacks against Israel. In 2007 Hamas’s influence spread to the Gaza Strip, that same year Israel implemented a blockade that crippled Gaza’s economic activity which raised ethical and moral political questions in the international community. In early 2008, after many mortars and rockets were fired across the border into Israel, the air force and defense forces retaliate taking the lives of many Palestinian civilians and militants. Israeli defense officia ls viewed these attacks as Hamas breaking the P... ...onflict have been addressed legally, although they have not been respected by either side which hinders the legitimacy of international authority. A major problem that I have observed is the inability of the United Nations Security Council to ascribe certainty to all laws broken and provide punishment to both sides. This lack of legal authority will continue to plague the progress both politically and within the legal institutions being used to approach the situation. Resolution and absolution of the definitions and particulates of these major issues are necessary to achieve lasting peace in the region and eventual coexistence. Works Cited Alan Dershowitz â€Å"The Case Against the Goldstone Report† â€Å"The UN Gaza Report: A Substantive Critique† Ambassador Dore Gold Noura Erakat â€Å"It’s Not Wrong, It’s Illegal† â€Å"United Nations Fact Finding Mission† Richard Goldstone

photosynthesis :: essays research papers

Organisms Depend Upon Photosynthesis A. Organisms Depend Upon Photosynthesis 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Photosynthetic organisms (algae, plants and a few other organisms) serve as ultimate source of food for most life. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Photosynthesis transforms solar energy into chemical bond energy of carbohydrates. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most food chains start with photosynthesizers. Solar Radiation Key Discoveries of Photosynthetic Process Structure of Chloroplasts Function of Chloroplasts A. Solar Radiation 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Solar radiation is described in terms of its energy content and its wavelength. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Photons are discrete packets of radiant energy that travel in waves. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of types of solar radiation based on wavelength. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gamma rays have shortest wavelength. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radio waves have longest wavelength. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Energy content of photons is inversely proportional to wavelength of particular type of radiation. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation has photons of a higher energy content. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long-wavelength infrared light has photons of lower energy content. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High-energy photons (e.g., those of ultraviolet radiation) are dangerous to cells because they can break down organic molecules by breaking chemical bonds. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low-energy photons (e.g., those of infrared radiation) do not damage cells because they do not break chemical bonds but merely increase vibrational energy. d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  White light is made up of many different wavelengths; a prism separates them into a spectrum. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only 42% of solar radiation that hits earth’s atmosphere reaches surface; most is visible light. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Higher energy wavelengths are screened out by ozone layer in upper atmosphere. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lower energy wavelengths are screened out by water vapor and CO2. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consequently, both the organic molecules within organisms are processes, such as vision and photosynthesis, are adapted to radiation that is most prevalent in the environment. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Earth’s Energy-Balance sheet a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  42% of solar energy hitting atmosphere reaches earth surface; rest is reflected or heats atmosphere b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only 2% of 42% is eventually used by plants; rest becomes heat. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of this plant-intercepted energy, only 0.1 to 1.6% is incorporated into plant tissue. d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of plant tissue, only 20% is eaten by herbivores; most of rest decays or is lost as heat. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of herbivore tissues, only 30% is eaten by carnivores. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Photosynthetic pigments use primarily the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two major photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both chlorophylls absorb violet, blue, and red wavelengths best. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very little green light is absorbed; most is reflected back; this is why leaves appear green. d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carotenoids are yellow-orange pigments which absorb light in violet, blue, and green regions. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When chlorophyll in leaves breaks down in fall, the yellow-orange pigments show through.

Diversity of human potential Essay

Gardner meanwhile developed the concept of multiple intelligences to reflect diversity of what human beings can do. He argued that there aptitudes or different propensities including linguistics, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences. Learning as a social behavior Bandura’s social learning theory extends the concept of the human potential and noted the role of obtaining competencies through the process of response consequences or observational learning which is essentially imitation or modeling. Modeling according to this theory has four components. Attention, the first component is perception of the significant attributes of a particular behavior. Retention is the next component or coding or committing the behavior to memory. Motor reproduction is the ability to reproduce the modeled behavior. The fourth component is motivational or reinforcements – the necessary push to do set of actions associated with the particular behavior (Bandura, 1975). The three basic psychological concepts outlined above just about cover the domain of psychology and points us to the direction that although there are individual competencies or potentials what happened if these individuals co-exists at particular setting. Bandura posited learning would be impossibility without a social setting even assuming the individual has the potential to learn (Bandura, 1962, , 1975). Accounting for variations. Levels of permanence and variability defines features of the individual like body shape which is relatively permanent than mental recognition or perception which could change quickly which may be internal or influenced by external factors. If modeling is a way of learning accounting for changes through time would be the next step, which is progression. In the case of suicide which has very strong negative association Kolb’s experiential learning cycle model would be helpful and may provide an expanded understanding on how groups or social networks form. This is very important as it has been shown modeling or experiencing losing someone because of suicide is a difficult phase which has proven significant as shown by Bearman and Moody, in terms of suicidal ideation or making the person who committed suicide a model figure (Bearman & Moody, 2004). Kolb identified four phases which has interesting interrelationships if taken not as phases but states of mind which is simultaneously being processed. Psychological diversity would be immense because of possibilities of dominance of each of the state of minds. Concrete experience (CE) and abstract conceptualization (AC), for example could be taken as off tangent to each other as experience could be taken as activity which is cyclical in itself but abstraction and conceptualization (AC) is progressive. Human potential may have been the same in the past 300 years but the explosion of knowledge because of science and technology what Bruner may call as powerful amplifiers. Reflective observation (RO) and active experimentation (AE) meanwhile in context of CE and AC could explain possible changes or how situations develop. To tie these all up is talking about the process cognition. As applied to understanding of the complex act of committing suicide, we see that actual experience or feeling the pressure from the environment as continuing until the final act. It is easy to understand what clinical psychologist would point out that suicidal tendencies should be seen as a form of mental illness an irrational behavior wherein the mind or the will has ceased to function. Kolb’s model is posited on the positive or rational thinking and development towards a higher plane of competence and learning as the rule or trend of human behavior. But still we could use Kolb’s and others thinking on human development as operative albeit the outcome is generally considered unacceptable. A lot of cases tends to point out there are risky social situations which may push some people into progressive stages until the act of committing suicide. For this we explore the sociological perspectives.