8 Common Spelling Errors to Check For!

8 Common Spelling Errors to Check For! 8 Common Spelling Errors to Check For! Spelling in English can be precarious. There are huge amounts of words that arent articulated the manner in which they are composed, just as sets of words that sound the equivalent yet mean various things! Here are seven basic spelling botches, alongside rules to assist you with recollecting that them. 1. I Before E Except After C In words like strainer and accept, the I precedes the e. Be that as it may, in words like get and roof, the e goes first since it comes straightforwardly after a c. Watch out, however! There are exemptions to this standard, for example, seize, peculiar and caffeine. 2. Important Important has one c and a twofold s. You can utilize this mental aide to recall how to spell this one: On a shirt, it is important to have one neckline and two sleeves! 3. Alot This isn't a word! It ought to consistently be a great deal (with a space between the two words). 4. Independent Numerous individuals spell this seperate, so simply recollect: Theres a rodent in discrete! 5. Natural A few people spell this one familier, so remember the accompanying: That liar looks natural! 6. Overstate Its simple to get confounded about whether there ought to be one g or two in overstate. Have a go at utilizing the accompanying as an update: George and Graham consistently misrepresent! 7. Mood Mood is a dubious word since it doesnt have any vowels. Fortunately, theres an abbreviation that helps (where the primary letter of each word explains the word we have to recall): Cadence Helps Your Two Hips Move. 8. Influence and Effect Attempt to recall that influence depicts the activity and is an action word, though impact portrays the outcome and is a thing: My initial encounters influenced my later decisions throughout everyday life. The fire devastatingly affected London. Making up little memory helps like these can truly support your spelling, particularly in the event that you generally get a few words wrong. Nonetheless, in the event that you need to ensure that your work is totally great, why not send it to the specialists for checking? Well even edit a 500-word test for nothing to ensure that you are satisfied with our principles of work.

Jules Cheret

Jules Cheret, a name equal to the Art Nouveau development of the late nineteenth century, was conceived in 1836 in Paris into a modest group of typographers and craftsmans. In this way, innovativeness and stylish mindfulness were imparted in him as the family unit that he experienced childhood in was one that was helpful for creativity and experimentation. Cheret contributed the early long periods of his childhood, accepting craftsmanship preparing under a three-year apprenticeship with a lithographer, trailed by attracting exercises the night under the French craftsman Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran.As a youthful understudy, he retained and took in a great deal from a portion of crafted by well known painters in the Louver and different historical centers. Accordingly by the age of 18, Cheret’s interesting imaginative pizazz got observable and he had the option to gain a basic living offering structures and representations to clients, a large portion of whom were music makers. C heret ventured out to London in 1854, where he was presented to the propelled procedures of lithography which awed him, yet additionally motivated him to improve his specialty by getting at standard with the innovative progressions of the time.Upon coming back to Paris in 1858, Cheret instigated that pictorial lithographic banners were the fate of visual computerization, yet he discovered it incredibly suffocating in light of the fact that none of the sponsors were persuaded by this. He got his first fortunate turn of events as a commission for a banner publicizing Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld. Impeded when this neglected to provoke more commissions, Cheret came back to London where he went through the following seven years advancing his lithography ability, and subsequently guzzling the British style of banner plan and printing.During this timeframe, Cheret worked for Cramer distributers where he made delineations, structured book spreads and banners for m usic lobbies, theaters, men's clubs, and carnivals. After coming back to Paris in 1866, Cheret’s companion acquainted him with aroma producer Eugene Rimmel, for whom he started planning scent bundling. This cooperation, lead to Rimmel helping the youthful fashioner in building up his business shading lithographic shop.Cheret was progressive for banner plan, as he modified the deep rooted lithography procedure by defining a procedure which made printing more financially savvy, with great hues which were an enormous commitment to the advancement of visual computerization. Jules Cheret from that crossroads proceeded to turn into a noteworthy figure in visual computerization history, and the important craftsman to make his notoriety in the vehicle of banner workmanship. He is credited for upgrading the tasteful idea of banners, y granting it with streaming rich plans and changing it into an autonomous brightening work of art. An impassioned admirer and depicter of the female stru cture in his banners, Jules Cheret’s subjects turned out to be well known to such an extent that the Parisians named them ‘Cherrettses’. It was a direct result of his support of this kind and the painters related with it; for the advancement of whom he distributed his book entitled Masters of the Poster ; that he started to be known as the ‘father of the Belle Epoque poster’.Jean-Honore Fragonard and Antoine Watteau, were famous names from the Rococo development. The paltriness delineated in their works impacted Cheret’s work most profoundly, which is the reason we see this feeling of fun and happiness regarding details in the banners planned by him. The most noticeable part of his banner Carnival 1986 is the difference in shade of the man and lady. This utilization of such a sensational shadow impact radiates tremendous riddle in the man, and accidentally prompts the watcher to accept that it’s a potential impression of the job he play s in this dramatic production.The shading green of the dress contributes in making the ‘Charett’ the point of convergence. This is likewise especially so on the grounds that the light green has been set against an unmistakable brilliant orange so the lighter shading is up lifted. . The orange and green meet up to make incredible sensational differentiation and adds to the eyes moving. Strikingly enough however, the more brilliant shading doesn't turn into the superseding power, rather it is the lighter hues set on top that stand out, for example, the white of the fan and the green of the dress.The streaming dress and the rakishness of her body pose all contribute towards accomplishing such a point of convergence. The tilted head and face taking a gander at the watchers is tremendously spellbinding. On a more critical look one notification that there is a lady in the middle of the two focal characters, who is somewhat moved by the light that sparkles on the heroes of the scene-her body disconnected from the physical magnificence of the two fundamental characters. This could be taken to speak to some trio or three way relationship which could be the emotional viewpoint this story.Thus giving out a short secret through the structure of the banner to allure the enthusiasm of the passerby also gets one of the most intense parts of banner planning for dramas, plays and exhibitions. This accidentally drives me to consider over how banner structure requires a great deal of comprehension of the audience’s mind and how precisely to control it. The lady in the front line is additionally the point of convergence since her skin is a lot lighter than the others, which coincidentally takes the viewers’ consideration regarding her first.She is likewise in a defenseless situated position, which represents gentility and effortlessness, maybe with a sexual meaning. The edge of the hand certainly welcomes the watcher in to the organization most viably. He has utilized the utilization of embellishing serif textual styles in his making a beeline for give his banners a formal and exquisite feel-yet subtleties of the play have been written in sans serif to guarantee clearness in perusing. This comprehension of and resulting equity to the selection of textual styles is entrancing. Textual styles most famous utilized by Cheret were Antiqua and Bernhard Antiqua and Bernhard Fraktur.Jules Cheret’s Loie Fuller banner for the Folies Bergeres is normal for his style of plan. The work space is commanded by a focal figure of energetic magnificence overwhelmed by striking spouting hues and delightful twirling drapery. This banner is a famous expansion to his scope of happy, smooth and vigorous ladies for which relevantly named ‘Cherettes' by the Parisians. Jules’ masterstroke of progress can be credited to these ladies that he appeared in his banners their low profile bodices and misrepresented stances lead to his moment suc cess.He utilized his ‘Cherettes’ to publicize anything from refreshments and liquor, aromas, cleansers, beautifying agents to pharmaceutical items. In the end he was advancing railroad organizations just as a progression of assembling organizations. The utilization of shading and its comprehension is splendid, and here Cheret’s signature utilization of the hues orange and green are clear. Jules Cheret had a superb palette of incredible chromatic force. The hues utilized by him in the cover in his mark advanced and settled manner.But utilizing various tones of green and orange together certainly add to making it a unique organization however with an inborn delicate quality to it. The shading beginning from the light green on the top ornamentation of the dress and progressively developing to the splendid orange at the base left contributes monstrously to eye development as the hues help it and let is travel most easily. The stream in the strokes of the dress is so unlimited still it contributes in drawing out the structure and stance of the girl.The edge of the ‘Cherette’s’ pose welcomes the eye and permits it to visit the banner. The bend of the top dress acquires the watcher, going down to the tilt of the head, to the precision of the head stylization of the figure is to such an extent that it gives this 2D structure a 3D feel to it as though the young lady will rise up out of the banner with her dress streaming. One exceptionally striking part of Jules Cheret’s is the elements of Cheret’s workspace-Jules has the brightness to do equity to his given work space and to not let the goliath size of his banners become an impediment.In this banner, he played with a lone figure and negligible book, yet at the same time didn't disregard any space, leaving it to be seen as static or inactive he does tremendous equity to the instruments available to him. It is an unequivocally verbalized banner which was imagined to be speaking to those survey it. Jules Cheret was in the acceptable books of pundits as he was lucky to have them be extremely receptive to the work he delivered. It was said that his work was ‘innovative, alive, a breath of new air’.He developed explicit character types, for example, the â€Å"happy clown†, which is a huge size painting that he made in 1881, however even as right on time as the 1860s, we see him utilizing precisely the same comedian picture on the left center of his banner ‘Concert des Ambassedeurs’. Cheret’s dominance for shading is important. Through the span of dissecting these four banners, one understands that he has the special capacity to play with shading as they say the matt nature of delicate hair, and the polished hard method which he is utilizing in this piece.Harold Hutchinson writes in â€Å"The Poster: An Illustrated History From 1860† that Jules Cheret acknowledged ‘a banner didn't need to show ite m; it just needed to create â€Å"a response of beguilement, interest, energy or some positive inclination which will help make the privilege points,† to make an item sell’. Which is the thing that he has insightfully accomplished in this banner †the nearness of the young lady and the comedian would affect an anomaly regarding what this capacity may contain, yet subtleties of it are not overbearingly given out.This specific banner exudes a feeling of ‘refined vulgarity’, which is an oddity all alone. Cheret’s banner particular trademark

Learn More About Education Essay Samples and Skills

Learn More About Education Essay Samples and SkillsOne thing that you need to know when writing an education essay sample is that although it may seem easy, writing an essay is not something that just anyone can do. There are certain points that you will need to make and the process of learning about what is required can take some time.Even if you feel like you are a good writer but your grammar and writing style are not correct, you should not get discouraged. It may be that your college or university will give you the opportunity to revise or edit your work before they publish it for the rest of the world to see.They are unable to do this because they will only allow you to read your work before it is accepted so they do not make it difficult for you. The best way to get this opportunity is to ask to revise and edit your essay as they will generally make these requests on a one time basis.If you are a bit worried about getting your work published and accepted by them, there is stil l a formal way in which you can get the chance to help others learn how to write a good essay. That is with the use of written exams for the course and you will have to answer questions which are relevant to the topic that you have chosen to write about.In many cases you may find that the exams are written in a language that you are familiar with such as English. You can then practise your skills and get your essay written without the burden of having to learn another language.If you choose to take an ielts exam, you will find that you will need to study for it and that you will need to have a teacher around who will be available to help you as you are studying. The key thing is to prepare well and to make sure that you go to class on time every day.You will also need to be serious about your study and when you are studying ielts you will find that there are many ways that you can improve your skills. If you are struggling with spelling or grammar or any other aspect of your essay, you can look at how you can improve your skills and go back to reading grammar books and textbooks.Do this and you should soon begin to find improvements that you can look at in areas such as information and written article references. This is a very powerful way to help yourself and you will find that it will give you all the help that you need to improve your writing.

Political Action Committee Definition and Examples

Political action committees are among the most common sources of funding for campaigns in the United States. The function of a political action committee is to raise and spend money on behalf of a candidate for elected office at the local, state and federal levels.   A political action committee is often referred to as a PAC and can be run by candidates themselves, political parties or  special interest groups. Most committees represent business, labor or ideological interests, according to the Center for Responsive Politics in Washington, D.C. The  money they spend is often referred to as hard money because it is being used directly for the election or defeat of specific candidates. In a typical election cycle, political action committee raise more than $2 billion and spend nearly $500 million. There are more than 6,000 political action committees, according to the Federal Election Commission. Oversight of Political Action Committees Political action committees that spend money on federal campaigns are regulated by the Federal Election Commission. Committees that function at the state level are regulated the states. And PACs the operate at the local level are overseen by county election officials in most states. Political action committees must file regular reports detailing who contributed money to them and how they, in turn, spend the money. The 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act FECA allowed corporations to establish PACs and also revised financial disclosure requirements for everyone: candidates, PACs, and party committees active in federal elections had to to file quarterly reports. Disclosure — the name, occupation, address and business of each contributor or spender — was required for all donations of $100 or more; in 1979, this sum was increased to $200. The McCain-Feingold Bipartisan Reform Act of 2002 attempted to end the use of non-federal or soft money, money raised outside the limits and prohibitions of federal campaign finance law, to influence federal elections. In addition, issue ads that do not specifically advocate for the election or defeat of a candidate were defined as electioneering communications. As such, corporations or labor organizations can no longer produce these ads. Limits on Political Action Committees A political action committee is permitted to contribute $5,000 to a candidate per election and up to $15,000 annually to a national political party. PACs may receive up to $5,000 each from individuals, other PACs and party committees per year.  Some states have limits on how much a PAC can give to a state or local candidate. Types of Political Action Committees Corporations, labor organizations and incorporated membership organizations cannot make direct contributions to candidates for federal election. However, they may set up PACs that, according to FEC, can only solicit contributions from individuals associated with [the] connected or sponsoring organization. The FEC calls these segregated funds organizations. There is another class of PAC, the non-connected political committee. This class includes what is called a leadership PAC, where politicians raise money to — among other things — help fund other candidate campaigns. Leadership PACs can solicit donations from anyone. Politicians do this because they have their eye on a leadership position in Congress or a higher office; its a way of currying favor with their peers. Different Between a PAC and a Super PAC Super PACs  and PACs are not the same thing.  A super PAC is allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, individuals and associations to influence the outcome of state and federal elections. The technical term for a super PAC is independent expenditure-only committee.  They are relatively easy to create under federal election laws. Candidate PACs  are prohibited from accepting money from corporations, unions and associations. Super PACs, though, have no limitations on who contributes to them or how much they can spend on influencing an election. They can raise as much money from corporations, unions and associations as they please and spend unlimited amounts on advocating for the election or defeat of the candidates of their choice. Origin of Political Action Committees The Congress of Industrial Organizations created the first PAC during World War II, after Congress prohibited organized labor from influencing politics via direct monetary contributions. In response, the CIO created a separate political fund that it called the Political Action Committee. In 1955, after the CIO merged with the American Federation of Labor, the new organization created a new PAC, the Committee on Political Education. Also formed in the 1950s were the American Medical Political Action Committee and the Business-Industry Political Action Committee.

Challenges in Adoption of Ifrs in Nigeria - 3452 Words

JORIND (9)1 June, 2011. ISSN 1596-8303. www.transcampus.org/journals. www.ajol.info/journals/jorind THE CHALLENGES OF ADOPTING INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING SYSTEM IN NIGERIA Anthony O. Garuba Department of Accounting and Finance, Western Delta University, Oghara, and Pat Donwa Department of Accounting, University of Benin, Benin City E-mail: anthonygaruba@yahoo.com Abstract Nigeria is going to adopt International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) from 1st January 2012. Globalization and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has reduced the world to a global village. This has given rise to the continuous integration of the world economy and capital markets which has in turn given rise to increase in the interdependence of†¦show more content†¦EU member states may however, permit non-listed companies in their jurisdiction to use IFRS. This has been the practice in EU countries like the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, Slovenia and France. While in countries such as Malta, Slovakia and Cyprus which are EU member states, non-listed entities are required to p repare IFRS based financial statements. Other EU member states likePoland, Lithuania and Latvia require non-listed companies to use local GAAP and prohibit them from using IFRS. This goes to show the extent to which countries are careful about adopting IFRS in its totality. Countries that have adopted IFRS in its totality have done so in a gradual and coordinated manner, allowing for transition periods. For example in Brazil financial institutions had between 2007 and 2010 to comply with IFRS. As for Korea, the Financial Supervisory Commission and the Accounting Standards Board of the Republic of Korea, after years of consultations and ground work, announced in 2009 to permit all companies other than financial institutions to apply IFRS as adopted by Korea, but set 2011 for IFRS to become mandatory in the country. In the case of India, it commenced IFRS transition in early 2007 when the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India formed an IFRS convergence task force to look into the various convergence issues and prepare a roadShow MoreRelatedThe Adopting Process of International Financial Reporting Standard (Ifrs) on a Developing Economy5475 Words   |  22 PagesAbstract The study focused on the adoption process of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on a developing economy, with particular reference to Nigeria. The paper is based on the data obtained from literature survey and archival sources in the context of the globalization of International Financial Reporting and the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).Nigeria has embraced IFRS in order to participate in the benefits it offers, including attracting foreignRead MoreThe Effects of Credit Management on the Profitability of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria (a Case Study of Guiness Nigeria Plc3653 Words   |  15 Pagespractices will provide a â€Å"level playing field† for all companies worldwide (Murphy, 2000). IFRS are standards and interpretations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). They include: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), International Accounting Standards (IAS) and interpretation originated by the International Reporting Standards Interpretation Committee (IFRSIC) (Oyedele, 2011). 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The ICAB has adopted the latest version of IFAC code of ethics, all the 8 IFRS as BFRS and 28 IAS as BAS then published those standards in the context of Bangladesh. It also introduced Chartered Accountancy education for the English stream students with GCSE A-Level backgrounds. During 2007 the Institute of Chartered AccountantsRead MoreNokias Human Resources System144007 Words   |  577 PagesStandards as adopted by the European Union (â€Å"IFRS†). In accordance with the rules and regulations of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, we do not provide a reconciliation of net income and shareholders’ equity in our consolidated financial statements to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or US GAAP. We also furnish the Depositary with quarterly reports containing unaudited financial information prepared on the basis of IFRS, as well as all notices of shareholders’Read MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 PagesFinancial statements The ï ¬ nancial statements provide a summary of the Group’s ï ¬ nancial performance throughout 2010 and its position as at 31st December 2010. The consolidated ï ¬ nancial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the Europea n Union and also IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Shareholder information This includes the full product development pipeline and discusses shareholder return in the form of dividends and share price movements. 58

Release of Aspirin from a Polymer Matrix - 2888 Words

Experiment 1: Release of Aspirin from a Polymer Matrix Summary Firstly, aspirin was weigh to 0.25g which was then dissolved in 100cm3 of distilled water by heating to 80 °C using a hotplate. 2.0g of agar was added while stirring and was heated till dispersed, giving almost clear solution. The temperature was control so as not to overheat the agar. The agar was left to cool in an ice bath. Using a hollow cylinder, the agar was cut to approximately 4.0g (the exact weight of the agar was recorded). It was then transferred to a 250cm3 beaker filled with 50cm3 of distilled water and a conductivity probe was placed into the beaker to measure the conductance (Conductivity, Gt, ï  ­S/cm) against time (measured every 1-2 minutes for the interval of 30 minutes). To ensure consistency, the solution was swirl for approximately 10 seconds before the minute was up. Next, the conductance of aqueous solution with only aspirin present was calculated by getting the amount of aspirin through the formula (Y=X/102g aspirin) and it was dissolved into 50cm3 of wat er. The conductance was measured in order to obtain the Control (Ga). From there, the fractions of Aspirin released at any given time (Qt) were measured thus providing the following of the release of the Aspirin by plotting the graph of Log Qt versus Log t. Results t(min) Conductivity, Gt (ï  ­S/cm) Qt Log Qt Log t 1 19.24 0.05830303 -1.234308872 0 2 19.79 0.059969697 -1.222068146 0.301030 3 41.8 0.126666667 -0.897337658 0.477121255 4 52.2Show MoreRelatedDesign Formulation And Evaluation Of Gastroretentive Floating Tablets2194 Words   |  9 Pagesusing HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and Carbopol 974(p) as polymers. Formulations were prepared by varying the amount of polymers. The compatibility of drug with the polymers is identified by using FTIR studies. Gastric floating of Stavudine tablets results from effervescence produced by the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid in stomach. Twelve formulations of floating tablets were prepared using direct compression technique with polymer such as carbopol974 (p), HPMC grades, Xanthum gumRead MoreThe Human Gastrointestinal Track Is A Complex Time9513 Words   |  39 Pages and excretive organ. Key of physiological factors that control absorption of drugs from the GIT include gastric, fluid and food intake, bulk fluid and luminal pH, gastric and intestinal secretions, absorptive mechanisms, enterocyte-based metabolism and secretion. Properties of a drug, su ch as its solubility, stability, ionization, and lipophilicity, strongly influence the rate and extent of drug absorption from GI lumen. Critical assessment of fundamental physicochemical properties and considerationRead MoreA Short Note On Advanced Heart Failure4008 Words   |  17 Pages3411 Biomaterials Wei Shen 5/8/2015 1 Introduction In today’s age of modern medicine and technology, there have been many advances in the treatment of heart disease. These treatment options have the ability to prolong the life of patients suffering from severe cardiac diseases, and in many cases, allow these patients to live a stable lifestyle for many years. Often, the end-stage events of cardiac disease result in advanced heart failure, in which case the best course of action is a heart transplantRead MoreCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 PagesName: _Leroy Johnson __________________________________ Date: ______________Comprehensive Study Guide. Test will only be Multiple choice 1. The feature that most clearly separates eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of _______ in eukaryotic cells. A) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus 2. Cytoplasmic organelles are - A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellsRead MoreDental Question Bank33485 Words   |  134 Pagestooth could see A. B. C. D. E. F. Surface resorption, external resorption Internal resorption Inflammatory resorption Replacement resorption A, C and D All of the above 13. The percentage of total dentine surface dentinal tubules make in 0.5mm away from pulp is A. B. 20% 50% 14. The junction between primary and secondary dentine is A. A reversal line B. Sharp curvature C. A resting line D. A reduction in the number of tubules 3 15. What is the correct sequence of events A. Differentiation of

Work Motivation And Organizational Behavior â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Work Motivation And Organizational Behavior? Answer: Introducation Based on the case study given with the assignment about One-plan of a law firm operated by Owen Cheetham and Jack Wynne which was started in 1976 situated in downtown Auckland. This case study is about shifting to a new office with an informal setting and how the staff is reacting to the new office and environment. Down below is the discussion regarding the questions given under the case study as per the conceptual understanding and the theoretical concepts. The reasons behind opposing the open-plan office change by employees that they are not comfortable with the idea of open space offices. Open space offices are noisier than other private offices and employees feel distracted which directly affects their productivity. The conversations seems to be louder in such environment whether it is on phone or personal, one can overheard others even if they arent supposed to listen and end up in a dispute between employees sometimes. This creates a negative environment in office. As mentioned in the case study where coworkers not comfortable talking in front of everybody and make calls to their beloved by going out of the office and that costs them too. Disturbances made by colleagues are the main cause behind not liking the open plan office idea. Even passing from the desks would create a disturbance for those who are working and could not concentrate properly. Security issues can also occur in such type of environment as there are no separate l ockable cabins for everyone which can lead to some issues that nobody in the office or the office itself wants to face. Privacy is the factor which everybody requires the most and it is difficult to obtain in open office plan, employees face problems while having any confidential call or family call as there is always a risk to share calls in front of other coworkers. In the given case study some lawyers also said that they are not able to take calls from their clients some time when other workers are around as situation are there when they need privacy to handle cases. Meeting rooms are always not an option to make calls. Employees have given mixed response for one plan office setup. Some workers are okay with the setup as they find such environment motivating and aspires them to work hard while having a friendly repo with other workers in office. But the ratio of liking the concept of one plan and resisting the approach of the same is approximately to 1:2. Employees in such inform al environment feel communication issues, one can share confidential information with his/her colleague but there is always an uncertainty that the information shared can be overheard by someone who is not supposed to listen and can lead to some issues in future. In an open plan office employee cannot keep their place according to their taste and preference as they do not have any fixity of their sitting also no private cabin to keep it the way they are comfortable in. Overall these disadvantages and reasons of employees can affect the productivity as well as working environment as a whole (Pinder, 2014). Partners could have taken timely measures to lessen the resistance in office and resolve the issues regarding informal setting of office and environment. They could have held a meeting as they knew at the earlier stage only that colleagues are having issues and are not comfortable with the setting in office. They would have organize the informal setting in a way that it gives a private space to each worker but on the other hand a common area where all workers can sit and have lunch while talking, this way issues can be resolved regarding security, privacy, distractions and noises they all could have been avoided. Also partners can organize a meeting and explain the reasons behind shifting to such setting. Employees are unaware of the advantages the open plan office carries with it so they need to know all about this plan that how these advantages affect them, their productivity increases, the environment at workplace is positive if they maintain their dignity and behavior in a way. I n this given case Owen and jack heard gossips but ignored the fact that it can cause huge loss in the coming time and can lead to various issues in the firm. The carelessness on the part in this matter creates confusion and unhealthy environment. It bring friction between workers and employers, they have lost satisfaction from their job and couldnt focus on their work due to issues occurred as discussed in the case study. Partners could have resolve issues by listening to employee and their requests in the beginning only so that they wont last for a longer time. Also they could have asked for a feedback about the shift from a formal office into one-plan office setup. Generally it is beneficial to ask for the feedback from employees time to time so that superiors would know all the happenings going around at the workplace and in the mind of workers. The steps can be taken accordingly and changes can be made in the company by the holders of the company as in the given case where jack and owen are the holders of their firm, might have listened to their workers and do the necessary changes required to balance out the problems faced by everyone at the workplace. The obstacles in communication appears in Cheetham and Wynne firm are basically the partners as per the case study given. Here in this case, employees are having conversations about their jobs and how unhappy they are by the reviews they receive from the bosses for their performances. They are not rewarded properly even if they perform at their best, one needs a reward after a certain point of time and a reward can be in any form not necessarily in terms of money but it can be in kind also. It gives a boost of motivation to employees to work harder and better of their capabilities. The satisfaction from their job and performance they get also works for the best and lead to positive outcomes. So rewards are important for an employee. Under the given case study, it is shown that an employee shared some confidential information with brother her which was not valid act to do and the same was informed to one of the partner and he conveyed this act to other partner but he didnt respond to it. Here no action was taken against such act by the partner which creates the issue of communication in the firm. If the same thing happens again and no one takes notice then it can create issues of privacy and carelessness in office. In this firm, employees do not know how their performances are being evaluated or on what basis it is evaluated. This affects their performance because they have no idea how much they are likely supposed to be working, what are the prospects of their job. When the performance is not measured or the basis is not clear, the productivity lessens which is not a positive impact on the firm. Employee do not know what their directors are expecting from them and sometimes they do not reply properly and remain unanswerable to workers which seems as a backlash for employees present in the firm. It has been observed in the given case study that no compliments or appraisals been given to workers for their performances. So overall the issues of communication are m ajor ones and lead to various issues in the organization (De Been and Beijer, 2014). To overcome such issues, there are measures available for managers. By following those suggestions given, issues can be resolved at an earlier stage. A communication issue can only be settled by a proper flow of information channels and managers response to employee problems and issues at work place. In the given case study it is obvious that employees wanted to convey their messages to managers but ended up being disappointed as managers didnt respond them well and ignored the fact. So here in this case, managers can resolve the same by giving proper attention to employees or their messages and follow up accordingly. This way issues can be solved and employee stays happy with the fact he/she is being attended and listened by the officials. There should be a proper channel through which workers can communicate in a formal manner and convey information through those channels so that confidentiality will be maintained even in an informal setting which is of great advantage to the firm as well as employees. Partners should conduct a program or a meeting where they can inform or aware the workers in the firm about the advantages they get from such an informal setting of the firm. The advantages how it creates a happy and positive environment to work in, that how it saves huge costs relating to the furniture required for the formal setting of a business where each and every worker have their own cubicle and various other furniture require for such setting. This saving can be utilize to pay bonuses and perks to employee, making aware to employees about the perks they can receive. It can also work as a motivation for workers to perform better which increases their productivity and the firms productivity as well. Partners in this firm can solve the issue of communication by planning a set of standard to meet by workers so that their performance can be measured on the basis of set standards. When performances are being compared from the standards given, employees get an idea where they are positioned in terms of their performance and what it needed to be done to improve their work overall. Partners should make efforts by rewarding workers on a monthly basis or quarterly depending upon their finances which ultimately affects an employee behavior and he/she gets in a positive state of mind. It also motivates others to work best out of their capabilities and being recognized by managers of the firm and rewarded for the same (Luthans, Luthans, and Luthans, K.W, 2015). Partners and others have various sources of power in their hands, they can hire workers they want to, be it more males and less females. They can allocate workers wherever they want to, as they have decided for an informal office setting. Partners are the ultimate owners of the firm they can mutually decide who they want to hire and who they want to fire. Sometimes situation arises when even partners do not agree on a particular decision and make decisions without the consent of each other. The impact of such situations or decisions on employees are not fair every time, it can be beneficial for them but on the other hand it may not. Partners has the power to decide on the office layout that what can be beneficial for their firm in profit terms, as under the given case informal office setting proves to be economical to firm. It is not necessary for partners to include employees in deciding whether they want employee opinion in the decision making. The implications of the same would be , employee feel neglected in such case and shows dissatisfaction at workplace (Miner, 2015). The influential tactics could have been used by partners and employees to improve the working environment. All partners while deciding on open plan office could have taken feedbacks regarding the decision from employees. Proper planning regarding channels of information flow can be made so that no communication issues arise and workers can convey their messages to partners or coworkers and in this way privacy can be maintained which is of great importance in this firm. Rewards and recognition can be organized to motivate employees in order to improve overall productivity and efficiency. Measures can be taken to plan out the standards that on what basis the performance of employees are to be matched and incentives can be decided. These measures are not only beneficial to increase the productivity of employee and firm but also the employee satisfaction. If employee are happy at the workplace and satisfied with their jobs and being attended by partners they work better than usual and sp read positivity at the workplace. The tactics can be adopted by partners to make aware the employees about the positive intact of an informal office setting that it is the best plan for all workers in the firm and superiors as well. An informal office setting tends to give an opportunity to socialize with other colleagues and partners and share good thoughts to maintain a healthy relation with each other. It all directly affects the efficiency which is known to be a key element for an organization (Robbins and Judge, 2013). References Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T., 2013. Organizational behavior. Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Luthans, F., Luthans, B.C. and Luthans, K.W., 2015. Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. IAP. Moore, C., Detert, J.R., Trevio, L.K., Baker, V.L. and Mayer, D.M., 2016. " Why employees do bad things: Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior": Corrigendum. Personnel Psychology. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014. Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Greenberg, J. ed., 2013. Organizational behavior: The state of the science. Routledge. DuBrin, A.J., 2013. Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Borman, W.C., 2014. Organizational citizenship behavior and contextual performance: A special issue of human performance. Psychology Press. Driskell, J.E. and Salas, E. eds., 2013. Stress and human performance. Psychology Press. Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Work Motivation and Organizational Behavior. Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, 7(2), p.66. De Been, I. and Beijer, M., 2014. The influence of office type on satisfaction and perceived productivity support. Journal of Facilities Management, 12(2), pp.142-157.

A History of African Slave Traders

A History of African Slave Traders During the era of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Europeans did not have the power to invade African states or kidnap African slaves at will. For the most part, the 12.5 million slaves transported across the Atlantic Ocean were purchased from African slave traders. It is a piece of the triangle trade about which there are still many critical misperceptions. Motivations for Slavery One question that many Westerners have about African slavers, is why were they willing to sell their own people? Why would they sell Africans to Europeans? The simple answer to this question is that they did not see slaves as their own people. Blackness (as an identity or marker of difference) was a preoccupation of Europeans, not Africans. There was also in this era no sense of being African. (Indeed, to this day, individuals are more likely to identify as being African rather than, say, Kenyan only after leaving Africa.) Some slaves were prisoners of, and many of these may have been seen as enemies or rivals to those who sold them. Others were people who had fallen into debt. They were different by virtue of their status (what we might think of today as their class). Slavers also kidnapped people, but again, there was no reason they would inherently see slaves as their own. Slavery as a Part of Life It might be tempting to think that African slave traders did not know how bad European plantation slavery was, but there was a lot of movement across the Atlantic. Not all traders would have known about the horrors of the Middle Passage or what life awaited slaves, but others at least had an idea. There are always people willing to ruthlessly exploit others in the quest for money and power, but the story of the African slave trade goes much further than a few bad people. Slavery and the sale of slaves, though, were parts of life. The concept of not selling slaves to willing buyers would have seemed strange to many people up until the 1800s. The goal was not to protect slaves, but to ensure that oneself and ones kin were not reduced to slaves. A Self-Replicating Cycle As the slave trade intensified in the 16 and 1700s, it also became harder not to participate in the trade in some regions of West Africa. The enormous demand for African slaves led to the formation of a few states whose economy and politics were centered around slave raiding and trading. States and political factions that participated in the trade gained access to firearms and luxury goods, which could be used to secure political support. States and communities who were not actively participating in the slave trade were increasingly at a disadvantage. The Mossi Kingdom is an example of a state that resisted the slave trade until the 1800s when it began trading in slaves as well. Opposition to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade The Mossi Kingdom was not the only African state or community to resist selling slaves to Europeans. For instance, the king of the Kongo, Afonso I, who had converted to Catholicism, tried to stop the slave of slaves to Portuguese traders. He lacked the power, however, to police the whole of his territory, and traders as well as nobles engaged in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade to gain wealth and power. Alfonso tried writing to the Portuguese king and asking him to stop Portuguese traders from engaging in the slave trade, but his plea was ignored. The Benin Empire offers a very different example. Benin sold slaves to Europeans when it was expanding and fighting many wars - which produced prisoners of war. Once the state stabilized, it stopped trading slaves, until it started to decline in the 1700s. During this period of increasing instability, the state resumed participation in the slave trade.

Death of Salesman essays

Death of Salesman essays The book Death of a Salesman is all about the American Dream. However, some take the American Dream a little too far, and thats all they want in life. Willy took this a little too far. He had a false sense of importance in the world. When you do that and shut everything else out, you will lose everything, even yourself. The main character in this book does just that. He is a salesman who wants nothing but to be rich and well liked. After trying and trying to do this and never succeeding, he loses everything and even takes his own life. Its just as Willys son, Biff states at the end: The man didnt know who he was. (Miller138) Willy is the main character in the play. He is a crazy man who develops many problems because of his outlook on life. He let the American Dream take over and basically kill him. He spends all of his life thinking that if you are well liked you will succeed in life and become rich. Success in his mind is being rich and well liked. Even though he thinks that being well liked is so important, he isnt well liked. I know when I walk in. They seem to laugh at me. (Miller36) Over these invalid statements he loses his mind, friends, family, job and his whole life. His way of thinking also carries onto his children. You see this because his two sons turn out to be much like him for the most part. Biff is Willys perfect son, he is Willys pride and joy. Willy thinks that Biff will make it in life and be well liked and successful. Biff while in high school accomplished so much and was very successful. He was an all star football player and was the most popular guy in school. He looked up to his Dad and wanted to be just like him up until the night he went to Boston. That was the night that everything in Biffs life ended. After that he flunked math, didnt graduate, and became nothing at all. Willy throughout ...

For two companies with which you are familiar, compare and contrast Essay

For two companies with which you are familiar, compare and contrast the main operations processes in terms of their volume, vari - Essay Example In simpler terms, operation management is the conversion of input into output using the resources available to the organization with an aim to meet the organizational objectives such as efficiency, consistency and effectiveness (Kumar and Suresh, 2009). This assignment will highlight the factors such as volume, variety, variation and visibility of two automobile organizations, i.e. BMW and Nissan. To further highlight the importance of operation management in company’s success, the performance objectives, i.e. speed, quality, dependability, flexibility and cost, would be analyzed in order to evaluate the respective operation strategies of both the companies. COMPARING AND CONTRASTING OPERATION MANAGEMENT To compare and contrast the operation management in automobile industry, two familiar and recognized organizations BMW and Nissan have been selected. Both companies would be analyzed and evaluated in terms of volume, variety, variation and visibility characteristics. NISSAN Ni ssan is the world’s fourth largest automobile manufacturer. The company is located in Japan. With its aim to enrich the lives of its customers by providing them with high quality cars, the company operates in a number of countries. With the use of technology, the company aims to provide its customers with innovative vehicles. In order to evaluate the company’s operation management and its processes, volume, variety, variation and visibility characteristics have been analyzed one by one. Volume In order to consistently meet the demands of the customers, the company manufactures vehicles in high volume. This repetition of the processes has made the workforce specialize in the operation processes which eventually lead to the low units cost. With the ability to manufacture vehicles at low cost, the company is capital intensive. Variety To effectively meet the needs of the customers, Nissan provides them with variety of vehicles. With extensive product line at Nissan, the c ompany is able to attract the customers in the market. The variety in product line at Nissan includes sports cars, minivans and vans, trucks and pickup trucks (Nissan, 2013). With such variety, the company is able to match the needs of the customers effectively. Variation The variation in demand for Nissan’s vehicle is low. This implicates that the demand is predictable and the variation in the vehicle is stable. With low variation in demand, the cost associated with the manufacturing of vehicle is also low. Visibility characteristics In operations management, visibility character indicates the level of activities that can be observed by the customer. In Nissan’s case, the visibility characteristics are low which indicates that the company utilizes its staff effectively. Since the time lag between the production and consumption is high, the visibility factor could be said as low. BMW BMW continuously strives to become the leader in the automobile industry and to do so, the company provide its customers with high quality vehicles to enrich their customer’s experience. The company is one of the top quality vehicle providers in the globe due to which the company charges premium price from its customers. Being the world’s leader of premium products, the company has its own unique identity and persona. The same way Nissan

Legal Aspects of International Business Assignment - 2

Legal Aspects of International Business - Assignment Example This relates to performing especially copyrighted music, plays or other literary works in public. Therefore, the copyrighted work cannot be exploited by another person for economic gains without permission from the author. It aims to safeguard the economic returns that are due to the author due to that work. Under section 102 of the U.S Copyright Act of 1976, the 7 categories of works eligible for copyright protection are literary works, Motion pictures and other audiovisual works, dramatic works, choreographic works and pantomimes, sound recordings, musical works together with the accompanying words and pictorial, sculptural and graphic works. Ann invention is a new creation either by manufacturing or composition that is unique in its aspects. It may be a new process, a new or better use of an existing material or process. Therefore, it can be a new technical or scientific idea. Inventions often arise from extensive research. They are protected through intellectual property

Historical Interpretations Role in The of a national or international policy for Cultural Heritage Protection Essay Example for Free

Historical Interpretations Role in The of a national or international policy for Cultural Heritage Protection Essay The main difference between approaches to Cultural Heritage Protection, as discussed by Muller, namely between â€Å"object-centrism† and â€Å"functionalism† is associated with the fact that the first approach regards the cultural object and its protection as a value in its own right, while the latter focuses on the cultural object in the context of its meaning for society and its processes of acculturation and socialization. Object-centrism advocates primacy of the cultural object rather than its value, be it artistic or economic (Muller, 1998). Artworks of the past are seen as valuable treasures, and the integrity of entire set of objects produced by a certain culture has to be protected. Object-centrism scholars â€Å"focus on the primacy of the heritage object, considering that it has a value existing independently of people that should not be susceptible to any change† (Loulanski, 2006, p. 215). This approach also argues for the necessity of protection of information about a given culture, and cultural objects serve as a source of such information. Thus, while archaeology is a typical example of the philosophy of object-centrism, anthropology also fits in the picture by virtue of preserving information and data about cultures. As concerns the answer to the question which is at the heart of the debate on Cultural Heritage Protection, namely whether nation state or international community should be the guardian of cultural heritage, object-centrism only cares about the safety and integrity of the cultural object and not the nature of its stewardship. Proponents of object-centrism argue that practical value of the cultural object is hard to determine, since it might have little utility now but be of great importance for future generations. And in the light of little connection between ancient and modern societies, ancient heritage is worth preservation in it own right. However, this approach has come in for much criticism: â€Å"Although the object-centric approach seems more sensible for guaranteeing the rights of existence for all cultural heritage, and modern because it prioritizes the integrity of cultural heritage, it proves to be somewhat illogical and unrealistic† (Loulanski, 2006, p. 216). Cultural objects are inherently connected to human societies and histories, thus it is unproductive to view them outside of their natural context. Rather than regarding heritage as a set of cultural objects, it should be regarded in the light of public good it is able to create: â€Å"Increasingly cultural heritage is seen as a much broader phenomenon which can contribute to political ideals, to economic prosperity and to social cohesion† (Council of Europe, 2000, p. 3). Cultural heritage has been linked to national unity, citizenship, appreciation of diversity, cultural identity and memory, amenity, sustainable development and quality of life. Graham (2002) suggests â€Å"the concept of heritage as a social construction, imagined, defined and articulated within cultural and economic practice† (p. 1003). In my view, functionalism is a more productive approach to cultural heritage protection. However, it poses dome difficulties for historical interpretation, since it denies the idea that cultural objects have value in their own right. Each nation has its own approach to assigning value to and defining functions of cultural objects. Thus, international community might disagree with interpretations suggested by nation stares. It imperative to separate historical interpretation from other forms of interpretation: â€Å"Historical interpretation must be based on a multidisciplinary archaeological and/or historical study of the site and its surroundings, yet must also indicate clearly and honestly where conjecture, hypothesis or philosophical reflection begin† (Pathways to Cultural Landscapes, 2002 p. 5). The solution to the problem is to engage all interested stakeholders in the process of historical interpretation, be they different groups within one society or different countries in the global community.

Gods of Worship :: essays research papers

Gods of Worship Early beliefs are the origin for the standard of living today. Beliefs from long ago have adapted and evolved. Early concepts of Religion have some of the basic traits that are included in Religions even today. The most surprising fact is that many early cultures had no way to communicate with eachother but they still had many of the same beliefs and concepts. The early Aztecs and the early Greeks are perfect examples of these early cultures. Of course, this leaves many questions to be answered. What were the religious concepts of the early Greeks? What were the early concepts of the early Aztecs? How are these cultures the same?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The early Greeks appear to be quite intelligent. The Greeks had a system of gods. They had 12 basic gods, often called the Olympians, called Zeus, Hera, Hephaestus, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hestia, Hermes, Demeter, and Poseidon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zeus was the head of the gods. He was the spiritual father of gods and people. His wife, Hera, was the queen of heaven and the guardian of marriage. Other gods associated with heaven were Hephaestus, god of fire and metal workers; Athena, goddess of wisdom and war; and Apollo, god of light, music, and poetry. Artemis was the goddess of wildlife and the moon; Ares, god of war; and Aphrodite, the goddess of love, were the other gods of heaven. These gods were joined by Hestia, goddess of the earth; and Hermes, messenger of the gods, and ruler of science and invention. Poseidon was the god of the sea, and he ruled a group of lesser sea gods. Last but not least, Demeter was the goddess of agriculture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greeks had many other lesser gods to go with the 12 chief gods. Their concept of the gods is very complex. They believed their gods were immortal and controlled all aspects of nature. The Greeks acknowledged that thier well being rested on the will of the gods. The Gods severly punished mortals who showed unacceptable behavior. However, the general relations between people and gods were friendly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each Greek City devoted itself to a god(s). Often citizens of these citys would build temples of worship for their god(s). Children would learn about the gods in their home, and they would conduct worship inside their home. However, different parts of the home were reserved for prayer to different gods. The Greek civilization had a god for almost everything physical and emotional.

Hobbes: Human Nature and Political Philosophy Essay

Thomas Hobbes writes in his 1651 masterpiece Leviathan of his interpretations of the inherent qualities of mankind, and the covenants through which they enter in order to secure a peaceful existence. His book is divided up into two separate sections; Of Man, in which Hobbes describes characteristics of humans coexisting without the protection of a superior earthly authority, and Of Commonwealth, which explains how humans trapped in that primal ?state of nature’ may escape and, through agreements, be able to live peaceably among one another without fear of unjust actions being taken against them. I too will discuss these elements of society as Hobbes intended them to be, with special emphasis on how human nature played a role in determining most of Hobbes’ basis for his political theories. In the introduction to Leviathan, Hobbes casts a highly mechanized view of humans by theorizing that they are simply a motion of limbs and simple machines that come together to produce a living, breathing, working human. â€Å"For what is the heart, but a spring; and the nerves, but so many strings; and the joints, but so many wheels, giving motion to the whole body, such as was intended by the Artificer? † (Leviathan, Introduction) Although this is a depiction of how Hobbes views the dynamics of the human body, he contends that human actions work in a similar, mechanistic way. According to the text, specific wants and appetites produce within the human body and are experienced as discomforts or pains (or to be more general, degrees of happiness or sadness) which must be overcome. Thus, each person is geared to act in such ways as we believe likely to relieve our discomfort, to preserve and promote our own well-being. (Leviathan, Pt. I Ch. 6) Thus, basically everything we decide to do is determined by a natural desire to avoid things that give our bodies negative feedback responses, and the opposite for things which our body tells us is good. Essentially, in this aspect Hobbes asserts that human decisions in this environment are guided only by our strongest desires at that given time and place. The idea being introduced here is pivotal. It is the notion of self-preservation; that in a state of nature in which there is no rule of law, and each man answers only to himself, people will do (an are fully entitled to do) anything they deem necessary to further their own existence. This animalistic view of human interaction yields Hobbes to conclude that each person (or grouping, such as a family) lives independently from every other person or group, and acts in their own self-interest without regard for others. Hobbes calls this a â€Å"state of war†, in which life is â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. † (Leviathan, Pt. I Ch.13) Hobbes later identifies three main causes of conflict in the state of nature which prevent man from entering into peace with one another. The first is competition, which makes people invade for their personal gain. The second is diffidence (distrust) which makes people invade out of fear; a mutual sense of insecurity forces one to anticipate an attack from someone they cannot trust (who likewise feels the same way), so pre-emptive measures are taken. This makes sense because one renders it better to be a surprisor, and not a surprisee, since being surprised meant an almost certain death. The last cause of conflict is glory, which makes people invade others for their own merit. Knowing these sources of problems, Hobbes then declares; â€Å"Hereby it is manifest, that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war, as if of every man, against every man. † (Leviathan, Pt. I Ch. 13) Therefore, at this point it is safe to conclude that human nature in this sense is essentially dangerous and evil. However, assuming that all humans are rational individuals, Hobbes believes that mankind would naturally want to escape this hellish state of existence and live under agreements that ensure the rational causes of quarrel could be avoided (albeit the third cause of quarrel, glory, is noted as an irrational cause of conflict). By establishing a commonwealth, contends Hobbes, we essentially remove the structural causes of conflict and foster the conditions for humankind to prosper under its own benevolence through mutually beneficial agreements. (Leviathan, Pt. I Ch.14) Although Hobbes had indicated that the state of nature is horrific, he acknowledges the counter-argument that people might not want to leave it because they would have to surrender certain rights granted to them solely while in the state of nature. But Hobbes’ response is rather simple; for it is â€Å"the foresight of their own preservation, and of a more contented life thereby; that is to say, of getting themselves out from that miserable condition of war which is necessarily consequent, as hath been shown, to the natural passions of men when there is no visible power to keep them in awe, and tie them by fear of punishment to the performance of their covenants. † (Leviathan, Pt. 2 Ch. 17) What he is saying is that rational individuals would understand that life under a common authority would allow for better means of self-preservation, because it creates an entity that can punish people who do not play by the game fairly. Also, people would be unable to rely on their individual autonomous powers in the effort to secure livelihood and happiness. Hobbes calls the necessary central authority the Sovereign (the institutional embodiment of an orderly government), and those over whom it presides are the Subjects. Thus, Hobbes’ perception of human nature led him to develop his vision of an ideal form of rule that would govern these autonomous individuals. He believed that a sovereign power was required to keep men united, who would work to maintain the peace among the people as well as protect them from foreign enemies. The people would have to make an agreement among themselves to all submit to this ruler. The people would then submit their wills to the will of their ruler who would in turn assure their self-preservation, giving the ruler absolute control over his or her subjects. Assuming the people all do submit to this higher authority, the next step is determining the most appropriate form this sovereign entity must undertake. Hobbes offers three examples of governance in the text: a monarchy, an aristocracy, and a democracy. Although the sovereign can be a legislature or an assembly of citizens or a monarch, claims Hobbes, the commonwealth will run smoothest under a hereditary monarch, which to the reader sounds like an unusual choice given all the conditions of human nature previously mentioned. Hobbes defends this notion though, by explaining that investing power in a single person who can choose advisors and rule consistently without fear of internal conflicts yields the best fulfillment of our social needs. (Leviathan, Pt. II Ch. 19) With a hereditary monarch there is hardly any internal conflict, whereas in a democracy, aristocracy, or any other assembly of citizens there is constant conflict among individuals trying to advance their own private agendas. Logistically, Hobbes says the sovereign will exercise its authority over its subjects in the form of civil laws that are either decreed or implicitly accepted. (Leviathan, Pt. II Ch. 26) Those who violate the laws handed down will be appropriately punished by the sovereign authority. The end result of it all is the creation of the actual Leviathan; biblically, a monstrous sea creature, but in Hobbes’ scope, it was a metaphor for a fully functioning, healthy society. Just as he previously used references to the mechanistic view of how man functions to further explain the conditions of how humankind and society work in general, Hobbes employs the use of metaphor to tie it all together. Imagine the sovereign ruler as literally the head of a man, not only the point at which the ideals of the society are created, but the commander of the rest of the body. The hands and limbs are the administrators of the law, whoever they may be under the various examples of government Hobbes previously offered. The subjects of the sovereign are the cells of the body that basically construct it and make it what it is, and allow for everything else to take place. There’s no doubt that Hobbes’ view on human nature shaped the way his political theories were formed. His works were, and still are highly influential to political philosophers that followed after him, which allowed for further, more concise theories to be generated and debated. And despite the shortcomings of some of Hobbes’ philosophies (such as the feasibility of installing such a government under the premises offered), his work was revolutionary for its time and laid the foundation on which other later significant philosophers built their political ideologies.

Phillip II of Macedon Essay - 1614 Words

Phillip II of Macedon The year was 359 BC. Greece, though weary from constant internal struggling still had supreme power over the Hellenistic world. Persia, though it had suffered large setback in the Persian Wars more then a century before was still a menacing force. The Barbarian State of Macedon was led by warrior kings who aspired to be Greek, yet ruled over a feudal society that was as multicultural as any of its time. Good morning Miss Boeston and class. Todays seminar will conclusively prove to you the statement that Philip II of Macedon was responsible for the rise to greatness of the Macedonian Empire in the Fourth Century BC by examining several issues associated with Philips rule. Macedon was a weak power, with†¦show more content†¦He became well integrated into the politics and military of Greece, learning Greek political tactics and military strategy. Philip, in effect, had learned to be a Greek general. He had also seen how weak Greece was becoming with its painstakingly slow democ ratic system and the general disunity that was becoming predominant after many years of internal quarreling. Also, his time in Thebes gave him a greater understanding of the geography of Greece. He learned the strongholds, and the weak cities of Greek society, and this would prove priceless in later expeditions. When his brother died, he left his infant son, Amyntas as the heir to the throne. Philip was, therefore, made regent, and had control of Macedon. He succeeded to the throne in 359 BC in the traditional Macedonian custom -- a round of family assassinations. Macedon, at the time of Philips ascension to the throne, was not a very highly regarded northern state whose power depended upon a warrior aristocracy. The kingship rested more on personal ascendancy then institutions. Philip disposed of the young heir and immediately began implementing his plans to unite Macedon, and control the Greek world. One of Philips first and most notable achievements was the creation of the Nat ional Army. He had learned the military tactics used in the Greek army and structured his army on the model of the Theban phalanx. However, Philip only based his army on the Greek model. He made sure that the MacedonianShow MoreRelatedAlexander the Great is known as one of the most significant and most influential historical figures1000 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplished so much, in only approximately 32 years. Alexander II of Macedon was born on the sixth day of the ancient Greek month â€Å"Hekatombaion, which corresponds to approximately July 20th 356 BC, the exact date is not known for sure. He was born in Pella, the capital of the ancient Greek Kingdom of Macedon. Alexander was the son of Phillip II the king of Macedon at the time, his mother was Phillip II’s fourth wife, Olympias. 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His father, King Phillip II, took the throne of Macedonia in 359 B.C.E and was able to turn Macedonia into the strongest military power in the entire Greek world. Macedonia was a state in the north eastern region of Greece. Alexander III of Macedon was born in 356 B.C.E in Pe lla; the ancient capital of Macedonia, Alexander grew up in the shadowRead MoreAlexander The Great : Why Is Alexander Considered Great?1669 Words   |  7 PagesALEXANDER THE GREAT Why is alexander considered great? Alexander III of Macedon or commonly known as Alexander the Great was the conqueror and king of the Persian Empire which is the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He was born on the 20/21st July 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. While in reign from 336 to 323 B.C, he united the Greek city-states and led the Corinthian League. He also became the king of Persia, Babylon and Asia as well as created Macedonian colonies in the regionRead MoreSources Of Information About Alexander The Great1599 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the great 1. Evaluate the ancient writers as sources of information about alexander the great Alexander the Great was born in the Pella region of Macedonia on July 20, 356 B.C., to parents King Philip of Macedon and Queen Olympia. Alexander the great served as the king of Macedonia from 336 to 323 BC. During his time leadership he united Greece reestablished the Corinthian league and conquered the Persian Empire, alexander was known as a conqueror during his time at the helm. He also becameRead MoreA Report On Alexander The Great Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesall time and an inspiration to many. Historians are finding amazing new things about Alexander to this day that continue to amaze everyone and add to his greatness. Sukh Singh Period 2 December 4, 2014 Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon, commonly called Alexander the Great, was one of the greatest military geniuses of all time. He was conqueror and king of Macedonia, Persia, Babylon, and, Asia. Alexander was born around July 30th, 356 B.C. and virtually conquered the world beforeRead MoreWhat Made Alexander of Macedon Known as Alexander the Great?1114 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Alexander of Macedon is called â€Å"Alexander the great† and most successfully man in conquering the world known kingdoms? The answer is easy forward. Even though today after twenty-three centuries no man has accomplished like Alexander did. Alexander the Great, the king of Macedonia is one of the greatest military Intelligence of all times. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. He was son of Philip, King of Macedonia, and Olympias, the princess of neighboring EpirusRead MoreAlexander IIi Of Macedonia Truly Worthy Of The Title Essay953 Words   |  4 Pagesto power followin g the death of his father, Phillip II, his kingdom of Macedonia encompassed all of the land that we know as modern Greece. For Alexander this was not enough. Phillip II is believed to have prophesized s his son’s ambitions with the words, â€Å"My son you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambition. Macedon is too small for you.† after Alexander tamed his wild buck Bucephalas at age 10. Born around July 20th, 356 BC to King Phillip II and one of his favorite wives, Olympias, AlexanderRead MoreAlexander the Great: What Made Him So Great638 Words   |  3 Pagesprepared, taught by great military minds he was able to create one of the largest empires of the ancient world. Phillip II, Alexander’s father had developed the Macedonian phalanx, evolving it from the hoplite phalanx. It was an 8 to 36 men deep rectangular mass formation made for heavy infantry soldiers. The simple Greek formation had been made more adaptable by Phillip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. The primary unit of Alexander’s phalanx was the syntagma that was usually 16 men deepRead MoreAnalysis Of Alexander IIi The Great King Of Macedonia And Conqueror Of The Persian Empire1584 Words   |  7 Pagestried to tame it had their flesh â€Å"devoured†. When he was 13, his father Philip hired philosopher Aristotle to be his teacher. For three years Alexander learned about science, medicine, and philosophy. In 340 BC, when Alexander was only 16 years old, Phillip invaded Trace and left Alexander in charge of Macedonia. While he was in power a Thracian tribe posed a threat, and Alexander constructed an army and lead them against the rebels. Not only were the Th racian rebels defeated, but also Alexander captured