Solid Waste Management Techniques For Jalgaon City Environmental Sciences Essay

cheering fuck up Management Techniques For Jalgaon City Environmental Sciences EssaySolid devour precaution in India has become a major environmental issue of study increasing environmental concerns and interest in material and animation conservation have lead to increasing rise in direction of unhurt abscond over the past two decades. This motif attempts to put together available information and analyze the problem of fast(a) permissive tempestuous. Proper management of unwavering municipal waste can play an important role in generation of social, economic and environmental benefits. This paper revolves slightly the urban cheering waste besides outlines a unanimous waste management in Jalgaon metropolis. This paper discusses various future projections for estimating the growth of MSW and the impact of such growth. This paper concludes about collection, transportation and disposal of unfaltering waste for Jalgaon city. The conclusion and recommendation will helpfu l in disposing of unwavering waste in scientific manner for Jalgaon City.Keywords Solid waste management, Environmental issues, future projections.INTRODUCTIONIn last few age in Jalgaon city the adjoin in solid waste management plays significant role. This is because of rapid economic development and rapid increase in nation in Jalgaon city. This trend is due to change in the living standards of Indian messs, changing lifetimestyle and food habits. The municipal council in Jalgaon city therefore, facing the problem of reinforcing their available manpower, equipments and machineries for refined municipal solid waste management.Solid waste management is undoubtedly an increasingly important element in terms of efficiency and profitability for any municipality, particularly in Jalgaon City. Its specially complex dimension is a result not only of the direct relationship with a number of factors that originate the living standard of a society, exactly also of our continuously ri sing consuming lifestyle which analogically enhances the existing operational difficulties. Waste collection transportation is one of the major parts of the process of solid waste management which consists of generation, collection, transportation, treatment and final disposal 3. It is statistically proved that a major proportion of the total cost for solid waste management is spent into municipal solid waste collection transportation and disposal. Having pinpointed the economic significance of waste collection transportation and disposal, it is equally important to underline that it is also one of the most difficult operational problems faced by local anesthetic authorities in Jalgaon city. The sheer enormity of the project dictates that well organized, well managed teams accomplish the necessary duties on a perfunctory basis, in order to sustain the demanding hygienic standards that ar expected by the Jalgaon citys residents.URBAN SOLID WASTE watchfulnessDue to rapid indust rialization in urban landing fields huge quantity of municipal solid waste and e-waste is generated. During the mid seventies the per capita solid waste generated lies in between 100 to 350 gm/ twenty-four hours for Indian cities whereas in late eighties, it ranges in between 300 to 530 gm/day. Presently the per capita solid waste and e-waste generated daily in developing country like India ranges about 150 gm in small villages to 550 gm in large town 1. The urban race is before long about one quarter of total population.The collection of waste is tedious problem as house hold waste are propel outside in the streets and also due to narrow lanes, the smaller vehicles to collect the waste can reach only to the selected accessible points. Hence, unskilled labours are use to sweep the narrow streets and collect the waste and garbage. Though unskilled labours rates are relatively less due to large scale manpower it is estimated that India spends atomic number 23 times as much on swe eping as on refuse collection2. Poor motivation of workers, inadequacy of supervisory and management skills at local government trains are leading causes of low productivity. The problem needs to pay attention at proper levels.The three Rs of waste management namely Reduce, recycle and Recover. The recycling is achieved through kabaries (peoples handling waste) who goes to door to door and collect bottles, broken plastics, metals, waste papers, etc. this material is recycled for manufacturing the secondary product.2.1 Land fillingLike new(prenominal) cities in Jalgaon city most of the waste is utilise for land filling. The orders followed are not in keeping with modern practices for sanitary land filling. The municipal solid waste is directly dumped on land filling area. This dumping is normally done in depressions which are prone to flooding. Due to this surface water befoulment causes due to flooding of such low laying areas and also the ground water pollution causes due to dumping of such waste. Diversion of land for waste disposal is impossible since areas with the largest concentration of solid waste would also be the areas with serious scarcity of vacant lands. This causes ill-effect on the health on the community residing nearby, causes drab odor and the community nearby liable to fear of explosion of methane gas that can accumulated at land fill sites3, which significantly contributes to global warming.2.2 CompostingThe excellent plectrum for solid waste management is composting for urban solid waste in India 4. The composting may be by aerobic or anaerobic decomposition. In urban solid waste in India a huge quantity of organic content and moisture is present. Conceptually, the idea of composting is appealing as it helps to recycle the nutrients screen to the land. Composting process requires segregation of material which is achieved by recycling by kabadies.The composting however still remains strong option for small and medium towns. Semi-me chanized aerobic composting is able to reduce the waste volume in the towns.2.3 IncinerationIncineration is the most important treatment method for destruction of all high calorific and extremely toxic solid waste. High temperature incineration at 12000C mineralizes all kinds of organic material in solid waste 4. Nearly 99.99% of various compounds are destructed. Incineration serves dual purpose of reduction of toxicity and the volume of the waste which is an important consideration when the disposal of waste is finally destined for landfills. The technology for incineration is not available indigenously and import options are highly capital intensive.2.4 Anaerobic digestion 4For high moisture and organic content of Indian Wastes, the anaerobic digestion is an new(prenominal) sui gameboard option. However, there are no ready technologies for touch heterogeneous material such as urban solid waste. The existing methods are suitable to homogeneous materials. The cost of cleaning an d separating mixed heterogeneous wastes are likely to be high.A good way to avoid these problems is to intercept suitable wastes at the point of generation before it is mixed with other wastes. Kitchen and veg market wastes are largely suited for this purpose. These wastes can be collected and treated at source, if space permits. The resulting bio-gas can be used for captive energy use such as lighting and cooking etc. few bio-gas trunks are currently available to treat wastes of takings and vegetable origin. Though currently unfeasible as a large scale option, bio-gas systems can impressively handle localized and specific wastes and contribute to environment friendly disposal of wastes.THE part OF JALGAON CITYThe Jalgaon Municipal limit covers an area of 68.24sqkm, out of which 11.45sqkm is the old municipal limit and 56.79sqkm is the extended additional area. This indicates that the Municipal territorial jurisdiction has increased much than four times i.e. from 11.45sqkm to 68.24sqkm. The overall population density of Jalgaon city, according to 2001 census5 is 53.94 inhabitant/hectares. The population of Jalgaon city will grow from 3, 68,000 in 2001 to 8,55,821 in 2033 as per the table 1 shown below. The population of Jalgaon city will increase nearly 43% till 2033. The municipal solid waste generated in the city is 226 tons/day as shown in Table (3).TABLE (1) Population Projection 6MethodPopulation ProjectionGeometric rate of increase20012006201120212033368000430903530607693214855821With rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth the municipal solid waste (MSW) which has been a problem in past has become a serious threat in recent years and the situation is going to be worst in coming years if appropriate measures are not taken immediately, keeping in view the serious-mindedness of the issue and its linkages with the economic growth, environmental degradation and health hazards. Dumping the waste as a waste has two fold negative impl ications. On the other hand, it pollutes the air, water and land resulting in diseases and destruction of human habitat. Garbage collection and disposal, as SWM was known earlier, constituted an obligatory function of the municipalities and continues to be so. As per the guidelines of goodly Supreme Court of March 1999 and Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, September 2000, solid waste management system has been recognized. However, comprehensive rules at the national level came to be framed only after the Supreme Court passed orders in the public interest. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) notified the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules in September 2000 and they are relevant to every municipal body in the country. It was mandatory for the city of Jalgaon also to revamp its SWM services, since there is a need to make substantial improvement in the SWM practices prevailing in the city to meet the standards.It was necessary to add ress this problem systematically by going into all aspects of the Solid Waste Management (SWM) and phrase a simple but cost effective system which must ensure desire level of collection, transportation and disposal. The civic services in the city of Jalgaon are managed by Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation. Managing solid waste generated in the city collection, transportation and its safe disposal is one of the most priority area of attention for improvement of the Municipal Solid Waste Management in light of the MSW Rules 2000. Like most of the cities towns in India, this service falls short of the desired level in Jalgaon as the present systems adopted are outdated and inefficient to meet the standards (MSW Rules 2000). Lot of factors contribute to this present status, the main being deprivation of knowledge and improper choice of technology coupled with a lack of long term planning. Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation has initiated the process of taking disciplinary measures by implementing a new collection and transportation system along with processing and disposal system comparable to those of modern era.Figure. 1. Solid Waste brass Sites 53.1 Existing Status of assembly and DisposalThe Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is responsible for collection, disposal and management of MSW within the city. Due to rapid urbanization and increase in population waste collection and its transportation and disposal is a challenging task to the urban local bodies. No specific land was speechless for compost depot in the sanctioned development plan of the old city limits. The waste generated is disposed in an unscientific manner. The manpower and transport system is in becoming for the waste management of the city. The solid waste generated in the city mainly consists of domestic refuse (including slum area), waste from commercial areas, vegetable and fruit markets, slaughter houses, bio-medical wastes, wastes from hotels and restaurants and industrial solid wa stes 7. The waste generation is large in the high-income groups followed by middle and low-income group.TABLE (2) Physical composition of solid waste inJalgaon city5Sr.No.Physical CompositionIncome Groups (%)LIGMIGHIG1Compo unchanging45.072.268.02Paper4.54.255.53 elastic3.52.93.64Glass0.90.009.05Metal0.50.00.56 canvas5.40.131.77Earthen matter40.020.311.48Leather0.20.220.3The average collection efficiency for MSW in Indian Cities is about 72.5% and around 70% of the cities lack adequate waste transport capacities (TERI 1998). Open dumping of garbage facilitates the breeding for disease vectors such flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats and other pests (CPCB 2000)FUTURE SCENARIOWaste generation and its impacts in India, the amount of waste generated per capita is estimated to increase at a rate of 1% 1.33% annually 8. The calculated value of per capita waste generation in 1997 is 0.468 kg. It is estimated that the total waste quantity generated in 2047 would be approximately above 260 million tones more than five times the present level.Generation of waste in Jalgaon CityThe Jalgaon Municipal area is subdivided in 16 health units for collection and transportation of waste. The average per capita waste generation is 0.491kg/capita/day 12. The amount of waste generated is about 226 tons per day as shown in Table (3).Proposed Technological InventionsJalgaon city has lagged behind in terms of adopting technologies for solid waste management. In particular, collection, treatment and disposal of waste require urgent consideration.Collection of wasteThe preferred option would be to revamp the existing collection service structure to provide community with waste bins, conveniently placed for the people to deposit domestic waste, and door to door collection of waste 9.Solid waste treatment and disposal techniquesDisposal is a no alternative option because it is the last functional element in the solid waste management system and ultimate fate of all waste that are of no only value. Proper segregation of waste would lead to better options and opportunities for its scientific disposal 10. Recyclable for example, could be straightway transported to recycling units, which, in turn, would pay the corporation for it, thereby increasing their income. Finally, the inert material that will be required to be sent to landfill would be of much lower quantity compared to un-segregated waste, consequently increasing the life of our existing disposal facilities.Segregation should be done into following ways for Jalgaon city,Wet organic matter Composting alter organic matter Fuel bricksPlastic items recycleConstruction waste Paving blocksScrap materials recycleInert other materials Land fillingStrategic Planning (Flow Diagram) For SWM For Jalgaon CityDry native MatterPlastic ItemsConstruction WasteScrap MaterialsInert and other Building MaterialsWet Organic MatterCompostingFuel BricksRecyclingPaving BlocksRecyclingLand fillingSegregationWaste Disposal Si teTS- 1TS- 1TS- 1TS- 1HU-2HU-12HU-13HU-14HU-1HU-3HU-4HU-16HU-5HU-6HU-7HU-8HU-9HU-10HU-11HU-15Figure 2. Strategic Planning (Flow Diagram) For SWM For Jalgaon CitySolid Waste Collection, Transportation Model for Jalgaon CityCollectionHome to Home CollectionMechanical Road SwipingManual Road SwipingBulk Generator bedding BinsTransfer Station (Compactor)TransportationProcessing and DisposalProcessing UnitSegregationWet Organic MatterWet Organic MatterDry Organic MatterPlastic ItemsConstruction WasteScrap MaterialInert and other Building MaterialFuel BricksRecyclingPaving BlocksRecyclingLand fillingFigure 3. Solid Waste Collection, Transportation Model for Jalgaon CityCompostingComposting is one system which transforms the biodegradable organic material into biologically stable material and in the process reduce the organic volume of waste to destroy pathogens, insects eggs and other unwanted organisms and weed seed that may be present in municipal solid waste and to retain the maximum n utrient (NPK) content and to produce a product that can be used to support plant growth and as soil amendment 11.The solid waste from Jalgaon city has been found to contain on an average range of 30 to 40% biodegradable matter. Apart from it, the CN ratio of waste (i.e. 20) on average is within range required for composting i.e. 20 to 25% 11It was estimated that depending on locality and climate 450 to 500kg of compost can be produced from 1 tons of waste. Based on above discussion it is recommended that composting can be considered as safe, economic disposal method of municipal solid waste generated from Jalgaon city.Dry organic matter may be used for preparation of fuel bricks as energy source. After segregation of solid waste recyclable items are separated out and resource can be utilized for paving blocks.Land fillingSolid waste management may be used to improve natural features by raising the level of low lying land to enable it to be used for civilisation or industrial develo pment. The percentage of inert, inorganic and non-biodegradable organic matter is present in adequate quantity in solid waste of Jalgaon city and as for as this quantity is concerned the use of sanitary land filling seems alternative to use as means of disposal land filling method is cheapest method of refuse disposal.TABLE (3)Total Waste Generation for Jalgaon City 5Health UnitNature of Generators And Expected Quantity in Kilograms 0.491 / Capita / DayResidents Families commercialised PropertyHotelsRoad Sweeping DebrisNosQuantity ofWasteGenerated in KgNosQuantity ofWasteGenerated in KgNosQuantityof WasteGenerated in KgLength ofthe Road in KmQuantity of WasteGenerated in Kg1755514221225.87472.2821.371942.11270201037726570.7610180.739.493588.8535821104742704721.9744795.0824.262204.7545012901945691219.9245813.1515.61417.7354456802016343.52118.079.06823.376571410286589157.2640722.831.522864.547376666391490397.83751355.2516.811527.698616611096747199.4530542.127.122464.6793905860437910 1.19590.3522.072005.721011565202771354361.5218325.2630.622782.751166331193920955.811198.7728.812618.251283741465337299.3240722.834.673150.811334306173766204.5227487.8923.052094.78141072619307383102.269162.6329.232656.421523753816823219.7414252.9827.762522.831660701206614438.459162.6338.123464.3598588176967149793999.393826902.74419.5638129.61Total Waste Generation in Tones 226CONCLUSIONBased on physical composition and characteristics of solid waste in Jalgaon city composting can effectively handle solid waste containing wet organic matter in Jalgaon city. For collection of solid waste door to door collection system will be effective one, vehicle. For that purpose Jalgaon city must be divided into 16 health units four transfer stations are recommended. After segregation of solid waste wet organic matter must be used for composting dry organic material to be used for for fuel bricks, plastic items, iron items, eccentric person material to be used for recycling pupose. Inert and other building material should be used for land filling.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe literature reviewed in this paper is the part of ongoing thesis work named Solid waste management techniques for Jalgaon city at SGB University, Amravati under the guidance of Prof. M. Iqbal. The author thanks the Principal, J. T. M. C. O. E. Faizpur, Dist- Jalgaon for extending all facilities for conducting the investigate work.